mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

It's the same but not the same: Do LLMs distinguish Spanish varieties?

arXiv 2504.20049 ↗First posted 8 Apr 2025cs.CLcited by 3

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated a high capacity for understanding and generating text in Spanish. However, with five hundred million native speakers, Spanish is not a homogeneous language but rather one rich in diatopic variations spanning both sides of the Atlantic. For this reason, in this study, we evaluate the ability of nine language models to identify and distinguish the morphosyntactic and lexical peculiarities of seven varieties of Spanish (Andean, Antillean, Continental Caribbean, Chilean, Peninsular, Mexican and Central American and Rioplatense) through a multiple-choice test. The results indicate that the Peninsular Spanish variety is the best identified by all models and that, among them, GPT-4o is the only model capable of recognizing the variability of the Spanish language. -- En los 'ultimos a~nos, los grandes modelos de lenguaje (LLMs, por sus siglas en ingl'es) han demostrado una alta capacidad para comprender y generar texto en espa~nol. Sin embargo, con quinientos millones de hablantes nativos, la espa~nola no es una lengua homog'enea, sino rica en variedades diat'opicas que se extienden a ambos lados del Atl'antico. Por todo ello, evaluamos en este trabajo la capacidad de nueve modelos de lenguaje de identificar y discernir las peculiaridades morfosint'acticas y l'exicas de siete variedades de espa~nol (andino, antillano, caribe~no continental, chileno, espa~nol peninsular, mexicano y centroamericano y rioplatense) mediante un test de respuesta m'ultiple. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la variedad de espa~nol peninsular es la mejor identificada por todos los modelos y que, de entre todos, GPT-4o es el 'unico modelo capaz de identificar la variabilidad de la lengua espa~nola.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 3 of its 15 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2025.

Builds on

3 of 15 references.

References · 3

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  2. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
  3. 2024Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Sizecited by 1,998

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

3 papers.