mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Fine-Tuning a 7B Advisor on Free-Tier GPUs: An Adapter-Handoff Recipe and a Synthetic-Data Reliability Caution

arXiv 2504.15610 ↗First posted 22 Apr 2025cs.AIcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Fine-tuning a 7B language model for specialized advising is attractive in resource-constrained settings, but multi-epoch runs routinely exceed the wall-clock limits of the free-tier GPUs (Kaggle, Colab) such users rely on. We report two things. First, a practical recipe: a three-epoch QLoRA fine-tune of Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3 (4-bit NF4, LoRA rank 16, via Unsloth) completed across two free-tier 16 GB GPUs (Tesla P100 then T4) by checkpointing only the small LoRA adapter (41.9M parameters) and resuming on the second machine. Adapter-only handoff is sufficient -- optimizer and scheduler state need not be transferred -- so the binding constraint is per-step VRAM and per-session wall-clock, not aggregate compute. Second, and more importantly, an honest evaluation that returns a cautionary result. On a blind held-out comparison against the un-fine-tuned base model, the fine-tuned model scored higher on similarity to the synthetic training distribution (BERTScore F1 +0.063, a fidelity not quality signal) but lower on advising quality: a blind LLM-as-judge preferred the base model on 46% of prompts versus 18%, and a source-verified factuality audit found four confident errors from the fine-tuned model on policy-sensitive topics against zero for the base. Auditing the training data with the same method, we find this is not a fine-tuning artifact: each audited error is already present in the Gemini-generated training answers, and a random-sample audit finds verifiable errors in a sizable fraction of responses (28-40%; single-judge, n=40). The data is therefore sufficient to account for the errors, which we attribute to the synthetic-data pipeline rather than the adapter-handoff method. We release the dataset, adapter, cross-GPU notebooks, and full evaluation harness so every result reproduces on a single 16 GB GPU.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2025.

Builds on

14 of 24 references.

References · 14

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  3. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  4. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
  5. 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,418
  6. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
  7. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
  8. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
  9. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  10. 2022GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformerscited by 1,919
  11. 2024LLM Evaluators Recognize and Favor Their Own Generationscited by 686
  12. 2023The False Promise of Imitating Proprietary LLMscited by 263
2 more
  1. 2023Self-Consuming Generative Models Go MADcited by 250
  2. 2024Does Fine-Tuning LLMs on New Knowledge Encourage Hallucinations?cited by 232

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