Prompt Sentiment: The Catalyst for LLM Change
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Abstract (arXiv)
The rise of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet the influence of prompt sentiment, a latent affective characteristic of input text, remains underexplored. This study systematically examines how sentiment variations in prompts affect LLM-generated outputs in terms of coherence, factuality, and bias. Leveraging both lexicon-based and transformer-based sentiment analysis methods, we categorize prompts and evaluate responses from five leading LLMs: Claude, DeepSeek, GPT-4, Gemini, and LLaMA. Our analysis spans six AI-driven applications, including content generation, conversational AI, legal and financial analysis, healthcare AI, creative writing, and technical documentation. By transforming prompts, we assess their impact on output quality. Our findings reveal that prompt sentiment significantly influences model responses, with negative prompts often reducing factual accuracy and amplifying bias, while positive prompts tend to increase verbosity and sentiment propagation. These results highlight the importance of sentiment-aware prompt engineering for ensuring fair and reliable AI-generated content.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2025.
Builds on
9 of 19 references.
References · 9
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2019A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learningcited by 1,917
- 2020Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP models with CheckListcited by 1,006
- 2021Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Modelscited by 966
- 2020Exploiting Cloze Questions for Few Shot Text Classification and Natural Language Inferencecited by 938
- 2021Prompt Programming for Large Language Models: Beyond the Few-Shot Paradigmcited by 606
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models: Techniques and Applicationscited by 431
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 4.
10 papers.
- 2025Promptception: How Sensitive Are Large Multimodal Models to Prompts?cited by 13
- 2025Am I Blue or Is My Hobby Counting Teardrops? Expression Leakage in Large Language Models as a Symptom of Irrelevancy Disruptioncited by 1
- 2025Large Language Models Transform Organic Synthesis From Reaction Prediction to Automationcited by 1
- 2025Single LLM Debate, MoLaCE: Mixture of Latent Concept Experts Against Confirmation Biascited by 1
- 2026SpatialJB: How Text Distribution Art Becomes the "Jailbreak Key" for LLM Guardrailscited by 1
- 2025ELSA: A Style Aligned Dataset for Emotionally Intelligent Language Generationcited by 0
- 2025A Dynamic Fusion Model for Consistent Crisis Responsecited by 0
- 2026Do Influence Tactics Matter? Investigating Prompt Framing Effects in LLM Code Generationcited by 0
- 2026FramingQA: Does the Question Shape the Answer? Measuring the Compositional Framing Effectcited by 0
- 2026Visual Compliance via Executable Safety Rule Entailmentcited by 0
- 2026Visual Compliance via Executable Safety Rule Entailment16 Sep 2026
- 2026FramingQA: Does the Question Shape the Answer? Measuring the Compositional Framing Effect7 Sep 2026
- 2026Do Influence Tactics Matter? Investigating Prompt Framing Effects in LLM Code Generation11 Aug 2026
- 2026SpatialJB: How Text Distribution Art Becomes the "Jailbreak Key" for LLM Guardrails14 Jan 2026
- 2025Single LLM Debate, MoLaCE: Mixture of Latent Concept Experts Against Confirmation Bias29 Dec 2025
- 2025Promptception: How Sensitive Are Large Multimodal Models to Prompts?4 Sep 2025
- 2025A Dynamic Fusion Model for Consistent Crisis Response1 Sep 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Transform Organic Synthesis From Reaction Prediction to Automation7 Aug 2025
- 2025Am I Blue or Is My Hobby Counting Teardrops? Expression Leakage in Large Language Models as a Symptom of Irrelevancy Disruption3 Aug 2025
- 2025ELSA: A Style Aligned Dataset for Emotionally Intelligent Language Generation11 Apr 2025