mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

xLSTM 7B: A Recurrent LLM for Fast and Efficient Inference

arXiv 2503.13427 ↗First posted 17 Mar 2025cs.LG cs.AI cs.CLcited by 18

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent breakthroughs in solving reasoning, math and coding problems with Large Language Models (LLMs) have been enabled by investing substantial computation budgets at inference time. Therefore, inference speed is one of the most critical properties of LLM architectures, and there is a growing need for LLMs that are efficient and fast at inference. Recently, LLMs built on the xLSTM architecture have emerged as a powerful alternative to Transformers, offering linear compute scaling with sequence length and constant memory usage, both highly desirable properties for efficient inference. However, such xLSTM-based LLMs have yet to be scaled to larger models and assessed and compared with respect to inference speed and efficiency. In this work, we introduce xLSTM 7B, a 7-billion-parameter LLM that combines xLSTM's architectural benefits with targeted optimizations for fast and efficient inference. Our experiments demonstrate that xLSTM 7B achieves performance on downstream tasks comparable to other similar-sized LLMs, while providing significantly faster inference speeds and greater efficiency compared to Llama- and Mamba-based LLMs. These results establish xLSTM 7B as the fastest and most efficient 7B LLM, offering a solution for tasks that require large amounts of test-time computation. Our work highlights xLSTM's potential as a foundational architecture for methods building on heavy use of LLM inference. Our model weights, model code and training code are open-source.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2025.

Builds on

39 of 56 references.

References · 39

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  4. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
  5. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  6. 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,669
  7. 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spacescited by 4,718
  8. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
  9. 2023FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioningcited by 2,598
  10. 2020Transformers are RNNs: Fast Autoregressive Transformers with Linear Attentioncited by 2,022
  11. 2019Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelismcited by 1,868
  12. 2020GLU Variants Improve Transformercited by 1,804
27 more
  1. 2019Root Mean Square Layer Normalizationcited by 1,480
  2. 2024RULER: What's the Real Context Size of Your Long-Context Language Models?cited by 1,346
  3. 2024Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Dualitycited by 1,336
  4. 2020On Layer Normalization in the Transformer Architecturecited by 922
  5. 2023Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Modelcited by 861
  6. 2023RWKV: Reinventing RNNs for the Transformer Eracited by 827
  7. 2022GPT-NeoX-20B: An Open-Source Autoregressive Language Modelcited by 713
  8. 2023Retentive Network: A Successor to Transformer for Large Language Modelscited by 613
  9. 2024FlashAttention-3: Fast and Accurate Attention with Asynchrony and Low-precisioncited by 519
  10. 2023Gated Linear Attention Transformers with Hardware-Efficient Trainingcited by 514
  11. 2022Hungry Hungry Hippos: Towards Language Modeling with State Space Modelscited by 499
  12. 2024DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language modelscited by 398
  13. 2022The Stack: 3 TB of permissively licensed source codecited by 359
  14. 2024xLSTM: Extended Long Short-Term Memorycited by 327
  15. 2024Griffin: Mixing Gated Linear Recurrences with Local Attention for Efficient Language Modelscited by 242
  16. 2022Transformer Quality in Linear Timecited by 191
  17. 2024An Empirical Study of Mamba-based Language Modelscited by 186
  18. 2024Samba: Simple Hybrid State Space Models for Efficient Unlimited Context Language Modelingcited by 174
  19. 2024Eagle and Finch: RWKV with Matrix-Valued States and Dynamic Recurrencecited by 159
  20. 2024Zamba: A Compact 7B SSM Hybrid Modelcited by 124
  21. 2024LongAlign: A Recipe for Long Context Alignment of Large Language Modelscited by 106
  22. 2024RecurrentGemma: Moving Past Transformers for Efficient Open Language Modelscited by 64
  23. 2024Vision-LSTM: xLSTM as Generic Vision Backbonecited by 51
  24. 2024Falcon Mamba: The First Competitive Attention-free 7B Language Modelcited by 46
  25. 2024xLSTM-Mixer: Multivariate Time Series Forecasting by Mixing via Scalar Memoriescited by 19
  26. 2024A Large Recurrent Action Model: xLSTM enables Fast Inference for Robotics Taskscited by 14
  27. 2024Bio-xLSTM: Generative modeling, representation and in-context learning of biological and chemical sequencescited by 13

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 12; 2026: 6.

18 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Log-Linear Attentioncited by 40
  2. 2026Olmo Hybrid: From Theory to Practice and Backcited by 22
  3. 2025Decoder-Hybrid-Decoder Architecture for Efficient Reasoning with Long Generationcited by 11
  4. 2025Short window attention enables long-term memorizationcited by 11
  5. 2025Pre-trained Forecasting Models: Strong Zero-Shot Feature Extractors for Time Series Classificationcited by 9
  6. 2025Bolmo: Byteifying the Next Generation of Language Modelscited by 9
  7. 2025Overflow Prevention Enhances Long-Context Recurrent LLMscited by 6
  8. 2025xLSTMAD: A Powerful xLSTM-based Method for Anomaly Detectioncited by 6
  9. 2025xLSTM Scaling Laws: Competitive Performance with Linear Time-Complexitycited by 3
  10. 2026Effective Distillation to Hybrid xLSTM Architecturescited by 3
  11. 2025gLSTM: Mitigating Over-Squashing by Increasing Storage Capacitycited by 1
  12. 2026Remapping and navigation of an embedding space via error minimization: a fundamental organizational principle of cognition in natural and artificial systemscited by 1
6 more
  1. 2026On Subquadratic Architectures: From Applications to Principlescited by 1
  2. 2025An overview of neural architectures for self-supervised audio representation learning from masked spectrogramscited by 0
  3. 2025Poolformer: Recurrent Networks with Pooling for Long-Sequence Modelingcited by 0
  4. 2025New Machine Learning Approaches for Intrusion Detection in ADS-Bcited by 0
  5. 2026Diffusion-Guided Uncertainty-Aware Delayed Policy Optimizationcited by 0
  6. 2026YANchor-4B: Effective Long-Horizon Reasoning in O(N) Time with O(1) Memorycited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024LLM Inference Unveiled: Survey and Roofline Model Insights
  2. 2023Response Length Perception and Sequence Scheduling: An LLM-Empowered LLM Inference Pipeline
  3. 2023Efficient LLM Inference on CPUs
  4. 2024Faster and Lighter LLMs: A Survey on Current Challenges and Way Forward
  5. 2024A Survey on Efficient Inference for Large Language Models
  6. 2025QuickSilver -- Speeding up LLM Inference through Dynamic Token Halting, KV Skipping, Contextual Token Fusion, and Adaptive Matryoshka Quantization
  7. 2025Scalable LLM Reasoning Acceleration with Low-rank Distillation
  8. 2024Large Language Model Inference Acceleration: A Comprehensive Hardware Perspective