mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

RPO: Fine-Tuning Visual Generative Models via Rich Vision-Language Preferences

arXiv 2503.11720 ↗First posted 13 Mar 2025cs.LG cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics

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Abstract (arXiv)

Traditional preference tuning methods for LLMs/Visual Generative Models often rely solely on reward model labeling, which can be opaque, offer limited insights into the rationale behind preferences, and are prone to issues such as reward hacking or overfitting. We introduce Rich Preference Optimization (RPO), a novel pipeline that leverages rich feedback signals from Vision Language Models (VLMs) to improve the curation of preference pairs for fine-tuning visual generative models like text-to-image diffusion models. Our approach begins with prompting VLMs to generate detailed critiques of synthesized images, from which we further prompt VLMs to extract reliable and actionable image editing instructions. By implementing these instructions, we create refined images, resulting in synthetic, informative preference pairs that serve as enhanced tuning datasets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our pipeline and the resulting datasets in fine-tuning state-of-the-art diffusion models.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 26 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.

Builds on

26 of 44 references.

References · 26

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  2. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  3. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  4. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
  5. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
  6. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  7. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  8. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
  9. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,642
  10. 2023Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debugcited by 988
  11. 2024SimPO: Simple Preference Optimization with a Reference-Free Rewardcited by 963
  12. 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 890
14 more
  1. 2023MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editingcited by 624
  2. 2023LLM-Blender: Ensembling Large Language Models with Pairwise Ranking and Generative Fusioncited by 564
  3. 2022Self-critiquing models for assisting human evaluatorscited by 380
  4. 2023Emu Edit: Precise Image Editing via Recognition and Generation Taskscited by 324
  5. 2024HQ-Edit: A High-Quality Dataset for Instruction-based Image Editingcited by 193
  6. 2023HIVE: Harnessing Human Feedback for Instructional Visual Editingcited by 173
  7. 2024LLM Critics Help Catch LLM Bugscited by 147
  8. 2024Aligner: Efficient Alignment by Learning to Correctcited by 98
  9. 2024Vision-Language Models Can Self-Improve Reasoning via Reflectioncited by 69
  10. 2024Improving Reward Models with Synthetic Critiquescited by 44
  11. 2024Preference Tuning with Human Feedback on Language, Speech, and Vision Tasks: A Surveycited by 23
  12. 2024RainbowPO: A Unified Framework for Combining Improvements in Preference Optimizationcited by 19
  13. 2025TextGames: Learning to Self-Play Text-Based Puzzle Games via Language Model Reasoningcited by 8
  14. 2024Learning to Correction: Explainable Feedback Generation for Visual Commonsense Reasoning Distractorcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Threshold-Guided Optimization for Visual Generative Models
  2. 2024Multimodal Large Language Model is a Human-Aligned Annotator for Text-to-Image Generation
  3. 2025Fine-Tuning Next-Scale Visual Autoregressive Models with Group Relative Policy Optimization
  4. 2025Personalized Preference Fine-tuning of Diffusion Models
  5. 2026ViPO: Visual Preference Optimization at Scale
  6. 2025Seeing What Matters: Visual Preference Policy Optimization for Visual Generation
  7. 2026Step Back to Move Forward: Reflection-Aware Preference Optimization for Visual Generation
  8. 2024Aligning Visual Contrastive learning models via Preference Optimization