RPO: Fine-Tuning Visual Generative Models via Rich Vision-Language Preferences
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics
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Abstract (arXiv)
Traditional preference tuning methods for LLMs/Visual Generative Models often rely solely on reward model labeling, which can be opaque, offer limited insights into the rationale behind preferences, and are prone to issues such as reward hacking or overfitting. We introduce Rich Preference Optimization (RPO), a novel pipeline that leverages rich feedback signals from Vision Language Models (VLMs) to improve the curation of preference pairs for fine-tuning visual generative models like text-to-image diffusion models. Our approach begins with prompting VLMs to generate detailed critiques of synthesized images, from which we further prompt VLMs to extract reliable and actionable image editing instructions. By implementing these instructions, we create refined images, resulting in synthetic, informative preference pairs that serve as enhanced tuning datasets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our pipeline and the resulting datasets in fine-tuning state-of-the-art diffusion models.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 26 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.
Builds on
26 of 44 references.
References · 26
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
- 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,642
- 2023Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debugcited by 988
- 2024SimPO: Simple Preference Optimization with a Reference-Free Rewardcited by 963
- 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 890
14 more
- 2023MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editingcited by 624
- 2023LLM-Blender: Ensembling Large Language Models with Pairwise Ranking and Generative Fusioncited by 564
- 2022Self-critiquing models for assisting human evaluatorscited by 380
- 2023Emu Edit: Precise Image Editing via Recognition and Generation Taskscited by 324
- 2024HQ-Edit: A High-Quality Dataset for Instruction-based Image Editingcited by 193
- 2023HIVE: Harnessing Human Feedback for Instructional Visual Editingcited by 173
- 2024LLM Critics Help Catch LLM Bugscited by 147
- 2024Aligner: Efficient Alignment by Learning to Correctcited by 98
- 2024Vision-Language Models Can Self-Improve Reasoning via Reflectioncited by 69
- 2024Improving Reward Models with Synthetic Critiquescited by 44
- 2024Preference Tuning with Human Feedback on Language, Speech, and Vision Tasks: A Surveycited by 23
- 2024RainbowPO: A Unified Framework for Combining Improvements in Preference Optimizationcited by 19
- 2025TextGames: Learning to Self-Play Text-Based Puzzle Games via Language Model Reasoningcited by 8
- 2024Learning to Correction: Explainable Feedback Generation for Visual Commonsense Reasoning Distractorcited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2026Expanding the Capabilities of Reinforcement Learning via Text Feedbackcited by 53
- 2025Schr"odinger bridge for generative AI: Soft-constrained formulation and convergence analysiscited by 3
- 2025SOCRATES: Simulation Optimization with Correlated Replicas and Adaptive Trajectory Evaluationscited by 1
- 2025LINA: Learning INterventions Adaptively for Physical Alignment and Generalization in Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2026Scalable Minimal-Change Learning for Controllable Image Editingcited by 0
- 2026Scalable Minimal-Change Learning for Controllable Image Editing5 Oct 2026
- 2026Expanding the Capabilities of Reinforcement Learning via Text Feedback2 Feb 2026
- 2025LINA: Learning INterventions Adaptively for Physical Alignment and Generalization in Diffusion Models15 Dec 2025
- 2025SOCRATES: Simulation Optimization with Correlated Replicas and Adaptive Trajectory Evaluations1 Nov 2025
- 2025Schr"odinger bridge for generative AI: Soft-constrained formulation and convergence analysis13 Oct 2025
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- 2025Fine-Tuning Next-Scale Visual Autoregressive Models with Group Relative Policy Optimization
- 2025Personalized Preference Fine-tuning of Diffusion Models
- 2026ViPO: Visual Preference Optimization at Scale
- 2025Seeing What Matters: Visual Preference Policy Optimization for Visual Generation
- 2026Step Back to Move Forward: Reflection-Aware Preference Optimization for Visual Generation
- 2024Aligning Visual Contrastive learning models via Preference Optimization