Advanced Tool Learning and Selection System (ATLASS): A Closed-Loop Framework Using LLM
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Tool learning and function calling
Abstract (arXiv)
The combination of LLM agents with external tools enables models to solve complex tasks beyond their knowledge base. Human-designed tools are inflexible and restricted to solutions within the scope of pre-existing tools created by experts. To address this problem, we propose ATLASS, an advanced tool learning and selection system designed as a closed-loop framework. It enables the LLM to solve problems by dynamically generating external tools on demand. In this framework, agents play a crucial role in orchestrating tool selection, execution, and refinement, ensuring adaptive problem-solving capabilities. The operation of ATLASS follows three phases: The first phase, Understanding Tool Requirements, involves the Agents determining whether tools are required and specifying their functionality; the second phase, Tool Retrieval/Generation, involves the Agents retrieving or generating tools based on their availability; and the third phase, Task Solving, involves combining all the component tools necessary to complete the initial task. The Tool Dataset stores the generated tools, ensuring reusability and minimizing inference cost. Current LLM-based tool generation systems have difficulty creating complex tools that need APIs or external packages. In ATLASS, we solve the problem by automatically setting up the environment, fetching relevant API documentation online, and using a Python interpreter to create a reliable, versatile tool that works in a wider range of situations. OpenAI GPT-4.0 is used as the LLM agent, and safety and ethical concerns are handled through human feedback before executing generated code. By addressing the limitations of predefined toolsets and enhancing adaptability, ATLASS serves as a real-world solution that empowers users with dynamically generated tools for complex problem-solving.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Tool learning and function calling, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 26 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.
Builds on
26 of 37 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Learning to Use Tools via Cooperative and Interactive Agents5 Mar
- 2023Large Language Models as Tool Makers26 May
Other references · 24
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,276
- 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,242
- 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 769
- 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 688
- 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoningcited by 350
- 2023Multi-Agent Collaboration: Harnessing the Power of Intelligent LLM Agentscited by 333
- 2023Explainability for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 333
12 more
- 2024MM-LLMs: Recent Advances in MultiModal Large Language Modelscited by 278
- 2023AutoAgents: A Framework for Automatic Agent Generationcited by 216
- 2023CRAFT: Customizing LLMs by Creating and Retrieving from Specialized Toolsetscited by 129
- 2025Multi-Agent Design: Optimizing Agents with Better Prompts and Topologiescited by 113
- 2025Agentic Reasoning: A Streamlined Framework for Enhancing LLM Reasoning with Agentic Toolscited by 106
- 2023WebCPM: Interactive Web Search for Chinese Long-form Question Answeringcited by 93
- 2023CREATOR: Tool Creation for Disentangling Abstract and Concrete Reasoning of Large Language Modelscited by 93
- 2024Tuning Language Models by Proxycited by 89
- 2024Studying LLM Performance on Closed- and Open-source Datacited by 11
- 2025Training an LLM-as-a-Judge Model: Pipeline, Insights, and Practical Lessonscited by 9
- 2025ToolFactory: Automating Tool Generation by Leveraging LLM to Understand REST API Documentationscited by 8
- 2024Multi-Agent Combinatorial Contractscited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 4.
8 papers.
- 2025Your Agent May Misevolve: Emergent Risks in Self-evolving LLM Agentscited by 62
- 2025CASCADE: Cumulative Agentic Skill Creation through Autonomous Development and Evolutioncited by 34
- 2026ReCreate: Reasoning and Creating Domain Agents Driven by Experiencecited by 24
- 2026Self-Improvements in Modern Agentic Systems: A Surveycited by 19
- 2025Alignment Tipping Process: How Self-Evolution Pushes LLM Agents Off the Railscited by 7
- 2025TinyLLM: Evaluation and Optimization of Small Language Models for Agentic Tasks on Edge Devicescited by 6
- 2026El Agente Forjador: Task-Driven Agent Generation for Quantum Simulationcited by 2
- 2026Is Bash All You Need? An Empirical Study of Tool Interfaces for Enterprise Digital Worker Agentscited by 2
- 2026Is Bash All You Need? An Empirical Study of Tool Interfaces for Enterprise Digital Worker Agents10 Sep 2026
- 2026Self-Improvements in Modern Agentic Systems: A Survey14 Jul 2026
- 2026El Agente Forjador: Task-Driven Agent Generation for Quantum Simulation16 Apr 2026
- 2026ReCreate: Reasoning and Creating Domain Agents Driven by Experience16 Jan 2026
- 2025CASCADE: Cumulative Agentic Skill Creation through Autonomous Development and Evolution29 Dec 2025
- 2025TinyLLM: Evaluation and Optimization of Small Language Models for Agentic Tasks on Edge Devices27 Nov 2025
- 2025Alignment Tipping Process: How Self-Evolution Pushes LLM Agents Off the Rails6 Oct 2025
- 2025Your Agent May Misevolve: Emergent Risks in Self-evolving LLM Agents30 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Learning to Rewrite Tool Descriptions for Reliable LLM-Agent Tool Use
- 2025A Flexible Multi-Agent LLM-Human Framework for Fast Human Validated Tool Building
- 2025ToolLibGen: Scalable Automatic Tool Creation and Aggregation for LLM Reasoning
- 2026Teaching LLMs to Learn Tool Trialing and Execution through Environment Interaction
- 2025GRETEL: A Goal-driven Retrieval and Execution-based Trial Framework for LLM Tool Selection Enhancing
- 2024Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Survey
- 2024Toolshed: Scale Tool-Equipped Agents with Advanced RAG-Tool Fusion and Tool Knowledge Bases
- 2026Tools Are Not Islands: Set-Level Tool Retrieval for LLM Agents via Query-Conditioned Hyperedge Prediction