Chinese Spelling Correction: A Comprehensive Survey of Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
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Abstract (arXiv)
Chinese Spelling Correction (CSC) is a critical task in natural language processing, aimed at detecting and correcting spelling errors in Chinese text. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of CSC, tracing its evolution from pre-trained language models to large language models, and critically analyzing their respective strengths and weaknesses in this domain. Moreover, we further present a detailed examination of existing benchmark datasets, highlighting their inherent challenges and limitations. Finally, we propose promising future research directions, particularly focusing on leveraging the potential of LLMs and their reasoning capabilities for improved CSC performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey dedicated to the field of CSC. We believe this work will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, fostering a deeper understanding of the field and inspiring future advancements.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Feb 2025.
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16 of 37 references.
References · 16
- 2020Spelling Error Correction with Soft-Masked BERTcited by 90
- 2020SpellGCN: Incorporating Phonological and Visual Similarities into Language Models for Chinese Spelling Checkcited by 57
- 2023On the (In)Effectiveness of Large Language Models for Chinese Text Correctioncited by 53
- 2021Read, Listen, and See: Leveraging Multimodal Information Helps Chinese Spell Checkingcited by 52
- 2022Learning from the Dictionary: Heterogeneous Knowledge Guided Fine-tuning for Chinese Spell Checkingcited by 31
- 2022General and Domain Adaptive Chinese Spelling Check with Error Consistent Pretrainingcited by 25
- 2022Improving Chinese Spelling Check by Character Pronunciation Prediction: The Effects of Adaptivity and Granularitycited by 19
- 2023Rethinking Masked Language Modeling for Chinese Spelling Correctioncited by 19
- 2023A Frustratingly Easy Plug-and-Play Detection-and-Reasoning Module for Chinese Spelling Checkcited by 15
- 2023Disentangled Phonetic Representation for Chinese Spelling Correctioncited by 14
- 2022CSCD-NS: a Chinese Spelling Check Dataset for Native Speakerscited by 13
- 2024C-LLM: Learn to Check Chinese Spelling Errors Character by Charactercited by 12
4 more
- 2022MCSCSet: A Specialist-annotated Dataset for Medical-domain Chinese Spelling Correctioncited by 8
- 2024A Simple yet Effective Training-free Prompt-free Approach to Chinese Spelling Correction Based on Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2022Error-Robust Retrieval for Chinese Spelling Checkcited by 4
- 2024Bi-DCSpell: A Bi-directional Detector-Corrector Interactive Framework for Chinese Spelling Checkcited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2.
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- 2023RSpell: Retrieval-augmented Framework for Domain Adaptive Chinese Spelling Check
- 2023An Error-Guided Correction Model for Chinese Spelling Error Correction
- 2025CEC-Zero: Zero-Supervision Character Error Correction with Self-Generated Rewards
- 2025CEC-Zero: Chinese Error Correction Solution Based on LLM
- 2026CLFEC: A New Task for Unified Linguistic and Factual Error Correction in paragraph-level Chinese Professional Writing
- 2026CSRP: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Chinese Text Correction via Reinforcement Learning with Efficiency-Aware Rewards
- 2024Rethinking the Roles of Large Language Models in Chinese Grammatical Error Correction
- 2024CNMBERT: A Model for Converting Hanyu Pinyin Abbreviations to Chinese Characters