Expect the Unexpected: FailSafe Long Context QA for Finance
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a new long-context financial benchmark, FailSafeQA, designed to test the robustness and context-awareness of LLMs against six variations in human-interface interactions in LLM-based query-answer systems within finance. We concentrate on two case studies: Query Failure and Context Failure. In the Query Failure scenario, we perturb the original query to vary in domain expertise, completeness, and linguistic accuracy. In the Context Failure case, we simulate the uploads of degraded, irrelevant, and empty documents. We employ the LLM-as-a-Judge methodology with Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct and use fine-grained rating criteria to define and calculate Robustness, Context Grounding, and Compliance scores for 24 off-the-shelf models. The results suggest that although some models excel at mitigating input perturbations, they must balance robust answering with the ability to refrain from hallucinating. Notably, Palmyra-Fin-128k-Instruct, recognized as the most compliant model, maintained strong baseline performance but encountered challenges in sustaining robust predictions in 17% of test cases. On the other hand, the most robust model, OpenAI o3-mini, fabricated information in 41% of tested cases. The results demonstrate that even high-performing models have significant room for improvement and highlight the role of FailSafeQA as a tool for developing LLMs optimized for dependability in financial applications. The dataset is available at: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Writer/FailSafeQA
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Feb 2025.
Builds on
17 of 45 references.
References · 17
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- 2024RULER: What's the Real Context Size of Your Long-Context Language Models?cited by 1,346
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- 2024HelpSteer2-Preference: Complementing Ratings with Preferencescited by 130
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- 2024LongCite: Enabling LLMs to Generate Fine-grained Citations in Long-context QAcited by 81
5 more
- 2024On Large Language Models' Hallucination with Regard to Known Factscited by 43
- 2024Should We Respect LLMs? A Cross-Lingual Study on the Influence of Prompt Politeness on LLM Performancecited by 41
- 2024Cost-Effective Hallucination Detection for LLMscited by 18
- 2023Quantifying and Attributing the Hallucination of Large Language Models via Association Analysiscited by 15
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2025Analyzing Uncertainty of LLM-as-a-Judge: Interval Evaluations with Conformal Predictioncited by 27
- 2025FinTrust: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Trustworthiness Evaluation in Finance Domaincited by 8
- 2025An Adaptive Multi Agent Bitcoin Trading Systemcited by 1
- 2025Financial Instruction Following Evaluation (FIFE)cited by 0
- 2026FinVerBench: Benchmark Validity and Calibration in Large Language Model Financial Statement Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Are the Financial Reasoning from LLMs Credible? A Real World Test over Long-Horizon Statementscited by 0
- 2026Eliciting Intrinsic Hallucinations in LLMs via Semantically Equivalent Adversarial Attackscited by 0
- 2026Eliciting Intrinsic Hallucinations in LLMs via Semantically Equivalent Adversarial Attacks4 Aug 2026
- 2026Are the Financial Reasoning from LLMs Credible? A Real World Test over Long-Horizon Statements22 Jul 2026
- 2026FinVerBench: Benchmark Validity and Calibration in Large Language Model Financial Statement Verification28 May 2026
- 2025Financial Instruction Following Evaluation (FIFE)1 Dec 2025
- 2025FinTrust: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Trustworthiness Evaluation in Finance Domain17 Oct 2025
- 2025An Adaptive Multi Agent Bitcoin Trading System9 Oct 2025
- 2025Analyzing Uncertainty of LLM-as-a-Judge: Interval Evaluations with Conformal Prediction23 Sep 2025