FACTER: Fairness-Aware Conformal Thresholding and Prompt Engineering for Enabling Fair LLM-Based Recommender Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose FACTER, a fairness-aware framework for LLM-based recommendation systems that integrates conformal prediction with dynamic prompt engineering. By introducing an adaptive semantic variance threshold and a violation-triggered mechanism, FACTER automatically tightens fairness constraints whenever biased patterns emerge. We further develop an adversarial prompt generator that leverages historical violations to reduce repeated demographic biases without retraining the LLM. Empirical results on MovieLens and Amazon show that FACTER substantially reduces fairness violations (up to 95.5%) while maintaining strong recommendation accuracy, revealing semantic variance as a potent proxy of bias.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Feb 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
6 papers.
- 2025FAIR-SIGHT: Fairness Assurance in Image Recognition via Simultaneous Conformal Thresholding and Dynamic Output Repaircited by 4
- 2025MARCO: Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Edge Devices with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Conformal Prediction Filteringcited by 3
- 2026Proof-of-Perception: Certified Tool-Using Multimodal Reasoning with Compositional Conformal Guaranteescited by 3
- 2026COFT: Counterfactual-Conformal Decoding for Fair Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025PBiLoss: Popularity-Aware Regularization to Improve Fairness in Graph-Based Recommender Systemscited by 0
- 2026Reproducing FACTER: Fairness via Conformal Thresholding and Prompt Repaircited by 0
- 2026Reproducing FACTER: Fairness via Conformal Thresholding and Prompt Repair26 Jun 2026
- 2026COFT: Counterfactual-Conformal Decoding for Fair Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Models28 May 2026
- 2026Proof-of-Perception: Certified Tool-Using Multimodal Reasoning with Compositional Conformal Guarantees27 Feb 2026
- 2025PBiLoss: Popularity-Aware Regularization to Improve Fairness in Graph-Based Recommender Systems25 Jul 2025
- 2025MARCO: Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Edge Devices with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Conformal Prediction Filtering16 Jun 2025
- 2025FAIR-SIGHT: Fairness Assurance in Image Recognition via Simultaneous Conformal Thresholding and Dynamic Output Repair10 Apr 2025
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- 2026Rethinking Fairness in LLM-Based Recommender Systems: A Survey
- 2026Lightweight Fairness for LLM-Based Recommendations via Kernelized Projection and Gated Adapters
- 2024Understanding Biases in ChatGPT-based Recommender Systems: Provider Fairness, Temporal Stability, and Recency
- 2026Uncertainty and Fairness Awareness in LLM-Based Recommendation Systems
- 2025UFO: Unfair-to-Fair Evolving Mitigates Unfairness in LLM-based Recommender Systems via Self-Play Fine-tuning ↗
- 2025Neutralizing Popularity Bias in LLM-based Recommendation via Counterfactual Reasoning Guidelines
- 2026Adaptive Autoguidance for Item-Side Fairness in Diffusion Recommender Systems ↗
- 2026Fair on the Surface? Benchmarking Hidden-Output Fairness Gaps in LLM Recommenders