mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DFPE: A Diverse Fingerprint Ensemble for Enhancing LLM Performance

arXiv 2501.17479 ↗First posted 29 Jan 2025cs.LG cs.AI cs.CLcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various natural language processing tasks but often struggle to excel uniformly in diverse or complex domains. We propose a novel ensemble method - Diverse Fingerprint Ensemble (DFPE), which leverages the complementary strengths of multiple LLMs to achieve more robust performance. Our approach involves: (1) clustering models based on response "fingerprints" patterns, (2) applying a quantile-based filtering mechanism to remove underperforming models at a per-subject level, and (3) assigning adaptive weights to remaining models based on their subject-wise validation accuracy. In experiments on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark, DFPE outperforms the best single model by 3% overall accuracy and 5% in discipline-level accuracy. This method increases the robustness and generalization of LLMs and underscores how model selection, diversity preservation, and performance-driven weighting can effectively address challenging, multi-faceted language understanding tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jan 2025.

Builds on

14 of 29 references.

References · 14

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  3. 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,883
  4. 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,758
  5. 2024ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Toolscited by 1,096
  6. 2023Large Language Modelscited by 774
  7. 2024Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AIcited by 706
  8. 2023AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Modelscited by 701
  9. 2023LLM-Blender: Ensembling Large Language Models with Pairwise Ranking and Generative Fusioncited by 550
  10. 2024Ensemble Learning for Heterogeneous Large Language Models with Deep Parallel Collaborationcited by 66
  11. 2024Pack of LLMs: Model Fusion at Test-Time via Perplexity Optimizationcited by 56
  12. 2024Bridging the Gap between Different Vocabularies for LLM Ensemblecited by 44
2 more
  1. 2024LLM-TOPLA: Efficient LLM Ensemble by Maximising Diversitycited by 42
  2. 2024Efficiently Democratizing Medical LLMs for 50 Languages via a Mixture of Language Family Expertscited by 17

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 3.

4 papers.