Beyond Benchmarks: On The False Promise of AI Regulation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The performance of AI models on safety benchmarks does not indicate their real-world performance after deployment. This opaqueness of AI models impedes existing regulatory frameworks constituted on benchmark performance, leaving them incapable of mitigating ongoing real-world harm. The problem stems from a fundamental challenge in AI interpretability, which seems to be overlooked by regulators and decision makers. We propose a simple, realistic and readily usable regulatory framework which does not rely on benchmarks, and call for interdisciplinary collaboration to find new ways to address this crucial problem.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2025.
Builds on
22 of 71 references.
References · 22
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
- 2020Knowledge Distillation: A Surveycited by 1,578
- 2020MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 1,414
- 2022Red Teaming Language Models with Language Modelscited by 983
- 2019Relational Knowledge Distillationcited by 873
- 2017Reluplex: An Efficient SMT Solver for Verifying Deep Neural Networkscited by 739
- 2018Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Datacited by 656
- 2023NeMo Guardrails: A Toolkit for Controllable and Safe LLM Applications with Programmable Railscited by 347
- 2023State of What Art? A Call for Multi-Prompt LLM Evaluationcited by 299
- 2018Analysis Methods in Neural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 276
10 more
- 2019Lipstick on a Pig: Debiasing Methods Cover up Systematic Gender Biases in Word Embeddings But do not Remove Themcited by 268
- 2019Algorithms for Verifying Deep Neural Networkscited by 221
- 2021Does Knowledge Distillation Really Work?cited by 187
- 2015Yin and Yang: Balancing and Answering Binary Visual Questionscited by 109
- 2024A Comprehensive Study of Jailbreak Attack versus Defense for Large Language Modelscited by 95
- 2024AIR-Bench 2024: A Safety Benchmark Based on Risk Categories from Regulations and Policiescited by 69
- 2021Introduction to Neural Network Verificationcited by 63
- 2022On the Limitations of Dataset Balancing: The Lost Battle Against Spurious Correlationscited by 19
- 2017Evaluating Robustness of Neural Networks with Mixed Integer Programmingcited by 14
- 2024NLP Verification: Towards a General Methodology for Certifying Robustnesscited by 14
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025Thinking Beyond Tokens: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Cognitive Foundations for Artificial General Intelligence and its Societal Impactcited by 6
- 2026Bounding the Black Box: A Statistical Certification Framework for AI Risk Regulationcited by 1
- 2025From Rogue to Safe AI: The Role of Explicit Refusals in Aligning LLMs with International Humanitarian Lawcited by 0
- 2026The Normalization of Deviance in AI Developmentcited by 0
- 2026The Normalization of Deviance in AI Development4 Sep 2026
- 2026Bounding the Black Box: A Statistical Certification Framework for AI Risk Regulation23 Apr 2026
- 2025Thinking Beyond Tokens: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Cognitive Foundations for Artificial General Intelligence and its Societal Impact1 Jul 2025
- 2025From Rogue to Safe AI: The Role of Explicit Refusals in Aligning LLMs with International Humanitarian Law5 Jun 2025