Multimodal LLMs Can Reason about Aesthetics in Zero-Shot
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid technical progress of generative art (GenArt) has democratized the creation of visually appealing imagery. However, achieving genuine artistic impact - the kind that resonates with viewers on a deeper, more meaningful level - remains formidable as it requires a sophisticated aesthetic sensibility. This sensibility involves a multifaceted cognitive process extending beyond mere visual appeal, which is often overlooked by current computational methods. This paper pioneers an approach to capture this complex process by investigating how the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) can be effectively elicited to perform aesthetic judgment. Our analysis reveals a critical challenge: MLLMs exhibit a tendency towards hallucinations during aesthetic reasoning, characterized by subjective opinions and unsubstantiated artistic interpretations. We further demonstrate that these hallucinations can be suppressed by employing an evidence-based and objective reasoning process, as substantiated by our proposed baseline, ArtCoT. MLLMs prompted by this principle produce multifaceted, in-depth aesthetic reasoning that aligns significantly better with human judgment. These findings have direct applications in areas such as AI art tutoring and as reward models for image generation. Ultimately, we hope this work paves the way for AI systems that can truly understand, appreciate, and contribute to art that aligns with human aesthetic values. Project homepage: https://github.com/songrise/MLLM4Art.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 22 of its 98 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jan 2025.
Builds on
22 of 98 references.
References · 22
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- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
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- 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 810
- 2024Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Spacecited by 763
- 2023Directly Fine-Tuning Diffusion Models on Differentiable Rewardscited by 431
- 2024Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 380
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- 2024To CoT or not to CoT? Chain-of-thought helps mainly on math and symbolic reasoningcited by 257
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10 more
- 2023GPT-4V(ision) as a Generalist Evaluator for Vision-Language Taskscited by 118
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 13.
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- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Object Detectioncited by 8
- 2026LookBench: A Live and Holistic Open Benchmark for Fashion Image Retrievalcited by 6
- 2026Can Vision Language Models Assess Graphic Design Aesthetics? A Benchmark, Evaluation, and Dataset Perspectivecited by 6
- 2026Cognitive Mismatch in Multimodal Large Language Models for Discrete Symbol Understandingcited by 6
- 2026Venus: Benchmarking and Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models for Aesthetic Guidance and Croppingcited by 3
- 2026From Concepts to Judgments: Interpretable Image Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 0
- 2026PhotoAgent: A Robotic Photographer with Spatial and Aesthetic Understandingcited by 0
- 2026On Semiotic-Grounded Interpretive Evaluation of Generative Artcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Fidelity: Semantic Similarity Assessment in Low-Level Image Processingcited by 0
- 2026CROP: Expert-Aligned Image Cropping via Compositional Reasoning and Optimizing Preferencecited by 0
- 2026Before the Shutter: Aesthetic and Actionable Portrait Photography Planning in 3D Scenescited by 0
- 2026Read It Back: Pretrained MLLMs Are Zero-Shot Reward Models for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0
2 more
- 2026SE-MoLoRA: Shared-Expert LoRA Adapters for Domain-Specific Photographic Assessment18 Aug 2026
- 2026Robustness of AI-Art Detectors under Generator Shift12 Aug 2026
- 2026Read It Back: Pretrained MLLMs Are Zero-Shot Reward Models for Text-to-Image Generation13 Jul 2026
- 2026Before the Shutter: Aesthetic and Actionable Portrait Photography Planning in 3D Scenes28 May 2026
- 2026CROP: Expert-Aligned Image Cropping via Compositional Reasoning and Optimizing Preference9 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Fidelity: Semantic Similarity Assessment in Low-Level Image Processing28 Apr 2026
- 2026On Semiotic-Grounded Interpretive Evaluation of Generative Art9 Apr 2026
- 2026PhotoAgent: A Robotic Photographer with Spatial and Aesthetic Understanding24 Mar 2026
- 2026Cognitive Mismatch in Multimodal Large Language Models for Discrete Symbol Understanding19 Mar 2026
- 2026From Concepts to Judgments: Interpretable Image Aesthetic Assessment18 Mar 2026
- 2026Can Vision Language Models Assess Graphic Design Aesthetics? A Benchmark, Evaluation, and Dataset Perspective1 Mar 2026
- 2026Venus: Benchmarking and Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models for Aesthetic Guidance and Cropping27 Feb 2026
2 more
- 2026LookBench: A Live and Holistic Open Benchmark for Fashion Image Retrieval21 Jan 2026
- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Object Detection14 Jul 2025
- 2026Can Vision Language Models Assess Graphic Design Aesthetics? A Benchmark, Evaluation, and Dataset Perspectivecited by 6
- 2026Cognitive Mismatch in Multimodal Large Language Models for Discrete Symbol Understandingcited by 6
- 2026Venus: Benchmarking and Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models for Aesthetic Guidance and Croppingcited by 3
- 2026SE-MoLoRA: Shared-Expert LoRA Adapters for Domain-Specific Photographic Assessmentcited by 0
- 2026SE-MoLoRA: Shared-Expert LoRA Adapters for Domain-Specific Photographic Assessment18 Aug 2026
- 2026Cognitive Mismatch in Multimodal Large Language Models for Discrete Symbol Understanding19 Mar 2026
- 2026Can Vision Language Models Assess Graphic Design Aesthetics? A Benchmark, Evaluation, and Dataset Perspective1 Mar 2026
- 2026Venus: Benchmarking and Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models for Aesthetic Guidance and Cropping27 Feb 2026
- 2026Robustness of AI-Art Detectors under Generator Shiftcited by 0
- 2026Robustness of AI-Art Detectors under Generator Shift12 Aug 2026
- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Object Detectioncited by 8
- 2026LookBench: A Live and Holistic Open Benchmark for Fashion Image Retrievalcited by 6
- 2026From Concepts to Judgments: Interpretable Image Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 0
- 2026PhotoAgent: A Robotic Photographer with Spatial and Aesthetic Understandingcited by 0
- 2026On Semiotic-Grounded Interpretive Evaluation of Generative Artcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Fidelity: Semantic Similarity Assessment in Low-Level Image Processingcited by 0
- 2026CROP: Expert-Aligned Image Cropping via Compositional Reasoning and Optimizing Preferencecited by 0
- 2026Before the Shutter: Aesthetic and Actionable Portrait Photography Planning in 3D Scenescited by 0
- 2026Before the Shutter: Aesthetic and Actionable Portrait Photography Planning in 3D Scenes28 May 2026
- 2026CROP: Expert-Aligned Image Cropping via Compositional Reasoning and Optimizing Preference9 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Fidelity: Semantic Similarity Assessment in Low-Level Image Processing28 Apr 2026
- 2026On Semiotic-Grounded Interpretive Evaluation of Generative Art9 Apr 2026
- 2026PhotoAgent: A Robotic Photographer with Spatial and Aesthetic Understanding24 Mar 2026
- 2026From Concepts to Judgments: Interpretable Image Aesthetic Assessment18 Mar 2026
- 2026LookBench: A Live and Holistic Open Benchmark for Fashion Image Retrieval21 Jan 2026
- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Object Detection14 Jul 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2026One Model, Two Minds: Task-Conditioned Reasoning for Unified Image Quality and Aesthetic Assessment
- 2025AesTest: Measuring Aesthetic Intelligence from Perception to Production
- 2026How LLMs See Creativity: Zero-Shot Scoring of Visual Creativity with Interpretable Reasoning
- 2025Unlocking the Essence of Beauty: Advanced Aesthetic Reasoning with Relative-Absolute Policy Optimization
- 2024Thinking Before Looking: Improving Multimodal LLM Reasoning via Mitigating Visual Hallucination
- 2025More Thinking, Less Seeing? Assessing Amplified Hallucination in Multimodal Reasoning Models
- 2024Interpreting and Mitigating Hallucination in MLLMs through Multi-agent Debate
- 2026ArtSociety: Multi-Agent Multimodal Collaboration for Art Emotion Understanding