Robustness of Large Language Models Against Adversarial Attacks
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Abstract (arXiv)
The increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various applications necessitates a rigorous evaluation of their robustness against adversarial attacks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the robustness of GPT LLM family. We employ two distinct evaluation methods to assess their resilience. The first method introduce character-level text attack in input prompts, testing the models on three sentiment classification datasets: StanfordNLP/IMDB, Yelp Reviews, and SST-2. The second method involves using jailbreak prompts to challenge the safety mechanisms of the LLMs. Our experiments reveal significant variations in the robustness of these models, demonstrating their varying degrees of vulnerability to both character-level and semantic-level adversarial attacks. These findings underscore the necessity for improved adversarial training and enhanced safety mechanisms to bolster the robustness of LLMs.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2024.
Builds on
9 of 18 references.
References · 9
- 2016A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networkscited by 2,385
- 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,330
- 2019How Can We Know What Language Models Know?cited by 959
- 2019Universal Adversarial Triggers for Attacking and Analyzing NLPcited by 722
- 2023"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak Prompts on Large Language Modelscited by 489
- 2019On Evaluation of Adversarial Perturbations for Sequence-to-Sequence Modelscited by 56
- 2024NEVLP: Noise-Robust Framework for Efficient Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 15
- 2023Twitter Sentiment Analysis of Covid Vaccinesscited by 13
- 2024Financial Sentiment Analysis on News and Reports Using Large Language Models and FinBERTcited by 9
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 11; 2026: 1.
12 papers.
- 2025Refusal Direction is Universal Across Safety-Aligned Languagescited by 38
- 2025CT-PatchTST: Channel-Time Patch Time-Series Transformer for Long-Term Renewable Energy Forecastingcited by 16
- 2025Enhancing Intent Understanding for Ambiguous prompt: A Human-Machine Co-Adaption Strategycited by 16
- 2025Robustness in Large Language Models: A Survey of Mitigation Strategies and Evaluation Metricscited by 12
- 2025MIRAGE: Multimodal Immersive Reasoning and Guided Exploration for Red-Team Jailbreak Attackscited by 10
- 2025Research and Design on Intelligent Recognition of Unordered Targets for Robots Based on Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
- 2025Industrial Internet Robot Collaboration System and Edge Computing Optimizationcited by 3
- 2025Efficient Temporal Consistency in Diffusion-Based Video Editing with Adaptor Modules: A Theoretical Frameworkcited by 2
- 2025TDRI: Two-Phase Dialogue Refinement and Co-Adaptation for Interactive Image Generationcited by 1
- 2025LLM in the Middle: A Systematic Review of Threats and Mitigations to Real-World LLM-based Systemscited by 1
- 2025Understanding the Ability of LLMs to Handle Character-Level Perturbationcited by 0
- 2026Active Imitation Learning for Thermal- and Kernel-Aware LFM Inference on 3D S-NUCA Many-Corescited by 0
- 2026Active Imitation Learning for Thermal- and Kernel-Aware LFM Inference on 3D S-NUCA Many-Cores13 Apr 2026
- 2025Understanding the Ability of LLMs to Handle Character-Level Perturbation16 Oct 2025
- 2025LLM in the Middle: A Systematic Review of Threats and Mitigations to Real-World LLM-based Systems12 Sep 2025
- 2025Robustness in Large Language Models: A Survey of Mitigation Strategies and Evaluation Metrics24 May 2025
- 2025Refusal Direction is Universal Across Safety-Aligned Languages22 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Temporal Consistency in Diffusion-Based Video Editing with Adaptor Modules: A Theoretical Framework22 Apr 2025
- 2025Industrial Internet Robot Collaboration System and Edge Computing Optimization3 Apr 2025
- 2025MIRAGE: Multimodal Immersive Reasoning and Guided Exploration for Red-Team Jailbreak Attacks24 Mar 2025
- 2025TDRI: Two-Phase Dialogue Refinement and Co-Adaptation for Interactive Image Generation22 Mar 2025
- 2025Research and Design on Intelligent Recognition of Unordered Targets for Robots Based on Reinforcement Learning10 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhancing Intent Understanding for Ambiguous prompt: A Human-Machine Co-Adaption Strategy25 Jan 2025
- 2025CT-PatchTST: Channel-Time Patch Time-Series Transformer for Long-Term Renewable Energy Forecasting15 Jan 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025AdversariaLLM: A Unified and Modular Toolbox for LLM Robustness Research
- 2023Robustness Over Time: Understanding Adversarial Examples' Effectiveness on Longitudinal Versions of Large Language Models
- 2023PromptRobust: Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Large Language Models on Adversarial Prompts
- 2025Safeguarding Efficacy in Large Language Models: Evaluating Resistance to Human-Written and Algorithmic Adversarial Prompts
- 2023Survey of Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models Revealed by Adversarial Attacks
- 2024Breaking Down the Defenses: A Comparative Survey of Attacks on Large Language Models
- 2024KGPA: Robustness Evaluation for Large Language Models via Cross-Domain Knowledge Graphs
- 2023Red Teaming Language Model Detectors with Language Models