Semantic Convergence: Harmonizing Recommender Systems via Two-Stage Alignment and Behavioral Semantic Tokenization
On the map: LLM reasoning → LLM reasoning for recommendation
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs), endowed with exceptional reasoning capabilities, are adept at discerning profound user interests from historical behaviors, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the advancement of recommendation systems. However, a notable discrepancy persists between the sparse collaborative semantics typically found in recommendation systems and the dense token representations within LLMs. In our study, we propose a novel framework that harmoniously merges traditional recommendation models with the prowess of LLMs. We initiate this integration by transforming ItemIDs into sequences that align semantically with the LLMs space, through the proposed Alignment Tokenization module. Additionally, we design a series of specialized supervised learning tasks aimed at aligning collaborative signals with the subtleties of natural language semantics. To ensure practical applicability, we optimize online inference by pre-caching the top-K results for each user, reducing latency and improving effciency. Extensive experimental evidence indicates that our model markedly improves recall metrics and displays remarkable scalability of recommendation systems.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in LLM reasoning for recommendation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 24 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Dec 2024.
Builds on
24 of 32 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 23
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2018Self-Attentive Sequential Recommendationcited by 1,184
- 2020LightGCN: Simplifying and Powering Graph Convolution Network for Recommendationcited by 1,139
- 2019BERT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformercited by 964
- 2015Session-based Recommendations with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 695
- 2019Neural Graph Collaborative Filteringcited by 661
- 2022Recommendation as Language Processing (RLP): A Unified Pretrain, Personalized Prompt & Predict Paradigm (P5)cited by 402
- 2020S^3-Rec: Self-Supervised Learning for Sequential Recommendation with Mutual Information Maximizationcited by 311
- 2023Adapting Large Language Models by Integrating Collaborative Semantics for Recommendationcited by 179
- 2018Entire Space Multi-Task Model: An Effective Approach for Estimating Post-Click Conversion Ratecited by 173
- 2023LLMRec: Large Language Models with Graph Augmentation for Recommendationcited by 172
11 more
- 2023Representation Learning with Large Language Models for Recommendationcited by 155
- 2022Learning Vector-Quantized Item Representation for Transferable Sequential Recommenderscited by 112
- 2023How to Index Item IDs for Recommendation Foundation Modelscited by 102
- 2023CoLLM: Integrating Collaborative Embeddings into Large Language Models for Recommendationcited by 100
- 2022Filter-enhanced MLP is All You Need for Sequential Recommendationcited by 96
- 2023Collaborative Large Language Model for Recommender Systemscited by 64
- 2024NoteLLM-2: Multimodal Large Representation Models for Recommendationcited by 44
- 2023E4SRec: An Elegant Effective Efficient Extensible Solution of Large Language Models for Sequential Recommendationcited by 39
- 2024NoteLLM: A Retrievable Large Language Model for Note Recommendationcited by 33
- 2024Integrating Large Language Models into Recommendation via Mutual Augmentation and Adaptive Aggregationcited by 26
- 2024LLM-Enhanced User-Item Interactions: Leveraging Edge Information for Optimized Recommendationscited by 24
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 3.
9 papers.
- 2025ActionPiece: Contextually Tokenizing Action Sequences for Generative Recommendationcited by 18
- 2025Discrete Tokenization for Multimodal LLMs: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 8
- 2025Universal Item Tokenization for Transferable Generative Recommendationcited by 7
- 2025DiffGRM: Diffusion-based Generative Recommendation Modelcited by 4
- 2026When Text-as-Vision Meets Semantic IDs in Generative Recommendation: An Empirical Studycited by 3
- 2025Geography-Aware Large Language Models for Next POI Recommendationcited by 2
- 2026MMGRid: Navigating Temporal-aware and Cross-domain Generative Recommendation via Model Mergingcited by 1
- 2025GTS-LUM: Reshaping User Behavior Modeling with LLMs in Telecommunications Industrycited by 0
- 2026PRISM: Purified Representation and Integrated Semantic Modeling for Generative Sequential Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026PRISM: Purified Representation and Integrated Semantic Modeling for Generative Sequential Recommendation23 Jan 2026
- 2026MMGRid: Navigating Temporal-aware and Cross-domain Generative Recommendation via Model Merging22 Jan 2026
- 2026When Text-as-Vision Meets Semantic IDs in Generative Recommendation: An Empirical Study21 Jan 2026
- 2025DiffGRM: Diffusion-based Generative Recommendation Model21 Oct 2025
- 2025Discrete Tokenization for Multimodal LLMs: A Comprehensive Survey21 Jul 2025
- 2025Geography-Aware Large Language Models for Next POI Recommendation18 May 2025
- 2025GTS-LUM: Reshaping User Behavior Modeling with LLMs in Telecommunications Industry9 Apr 2025
- 2025Universal Item Tokenization for Transferable Generative Recommendation6 Apr 2025
- 2025ActionPiece: Contextually Tokenizing Action Sequences for Generative Recommendation19 Feb 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Rethinking Semantic Collaborative Integration: Why Alignment Is Not Enough
- 2024DaRec: A Disentangled Alignment Framework for Large Language Model and Recommender System
- 2025Training Large Recommendation Models via Graph-Language Token Alignment
- 2025EAGER-LLM: Enhancing Large Language Models as Recommenders through Exogenous Behavior-Semantic Integration
- 2023RecExplainer: Aligning Large Language Models for Explaining Recommendation Models
- 2024Aligning Large Language Models for Controllable Recommendations
- 2025Align3GR: Unified Multi-Level Alignment for LLM-based Generative Recommendation
- 2025Towards Comprehensible Recommendation with Large Language Model Fine-tuning ↗