Performance evaluation of SLAM-ASR: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly, and the Way Forward
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent research has demonstrated that training a linear connector between speech foundation encoders and large language models (LLMs) enables this architecture to achieve strong ASR capabilities. Despite the impressive results, it remains unclear whether these simple approaches are robust enough across different scenarios and speech conditions, such as domain shifts and speech perturbations. In this paper, we address these questions by conducting various ablation experiments using a recent and widely adopted approach called SLAM-ASR. We present novel empirical findings that offer insights on how to effectively utilize the SLAM-ASR architecture across a wide range of settings. Our main findings indicate that SLAM-ASR exhibits poor performance in cross-domain evaluation settings. Additionally, speech perturbations on in-domain data, such as changes in speech rate or additive noise, can significantly degrade performance. Our findings offer critical insights for fine-tuning and configuring robust LLM-based ASR models, tailored to different data characteristics and computational resources.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Nov 2024.
Builds on
20 of 28 references.
References · 20
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,863
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,657
- 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
- 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language Modelscited by 506
- 2015MUSAN: A Music, Speech, and Noise Corpuscited by 425
- 2023On decoder-only architecture for speech-to-text and large language model integrationcited by 145
- 2023Prompting Large Language Models with Speech Recognition Abilitiescited by 140
- 2024An Embarrassingly Simple Approach for LLM with Strong ASR Capacitycited by 88
- 2023Generative Speech Recognition Error Correction with Large Language Models and Task-Activating Promptingcited by 72
8 more
- 2024SpeechVerse: A Large-scale Generalizable Audio Language Modelcited by 63
- 2023Can Generative Large Language Models Perform ASR Error Correction?cited by 57
- 2023Prompting Large Language Models for Zero-Shot Domain Adaptation in Speech Recognitioncited by 48
- 2023Revisiting Large Language Models as Zero-shot Relation Extractorscited by 29
- 2021BERTraffic: BERT-based Joint Speaker Role and Speaker Change Detection for Air Traffic Control Communicationscited by 13
- 2024Multilingual and Fully Non-Autoregressive ASR with Large Language Model Fusion: A Comprehensive Studycited by 12
- 2022A two-step approach to leverage contextual data: speech recognition in air-traffic communicationscited by 8
- 2024WHISMA: A Speech-LLM to Perform Zero-shot Spoken Language Understandingcited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 7; 2026: 10.
17 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2026Text-only adaptation in LLM-based ASR through text denoisingcited by 8
- 2025Low-Resource Domain Adaptation for Speech LLMs via Text-Only Fine-Tuningcited by 7
- 2025Speech LLMs in Low-Resource Scenarios: Data Volume Requirements and the Impact of Pretraining on High-Resource Languagescited by 7
- 2025Approaching Dialogue State Tracking via Aligning Speech Encoders and LLMscited by 4
- 2025The Eloquence team submission for task 1 of MLC-SLM challengecited by 4
- 2026Do LLM Decoders Listen Fairly? Benchmarking How Language Model Priors Shape Bias in Speech Recognitioncited by 4
- 2025Adapting Automatic Speech Recognition for Accented Air Traffic Control Communicationscited by 3
- 2025Optimal Transport Regularization for Speech Text Alignment in Spoken Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Language Family Matters: Evaluating LLM-Based ASR Across Linguistic Boundariescited by 2
- 2026Reducing Prompt Sensitivity in LLM-based Speech Recognition Through Learnable Projectioncited by 2
- 2026Enhancing Multilingual LLM-based ASR with Mixture of Experts and Dynamic Downsamplingcited by 2
- 2026MEUSLI: a Multilingual Projector for LLM-based ASR and Beyondcited by 1
5 more
- 2025TokenVerse++: Towards Flexible Multitask Learning with Dynamic Task Activationcited by 0
- 2026Measuring the Redundancy of Decoder Layers in SpeechLLMscited by 0
- 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removalcited by 0
- 2026Closing the Speech-Text Gap with Limited Audio for Effective Domain Adaptation in LLM-Based ASRcited by 0
- 2026LuxSQA: Ask Me in Luxembourgish with TTS-Augmented Spoken Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026MEUSLI: a Multilingual Projector for LLM-based ASR and Beyond24 Jul 2026
- 2026LuxSQA: Ask Me in Luxembourgish with TTS-Augmented Spoken Question Answering2 Jul 2026
- 2026Enhancing Multilingual LLM-based ASR with Mixture of Experts and Dynamic Downsampling9 Jun 2026
- 2026Do LLM Decoders Listen Fairly? Benchmarking How Language Model Priors Shape Bias in Speech Recognition23 Apr 2026
- 2026Closing the Speech-Text Gap with Limited Audio for Effective Domain Adaptation in LLM-Based ASR7 Apr 2026
- 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removal20 Mar 2026
- 2026Measuring the Redundancy of Decoder Layers in SpeechLLMs5 Mar 2026
- 2026Text-only adaptation in LLM-based ASR through text denoising28 Jan 2026
- 2026Reducing Prompt Sensitivity in LLM-based Speech Recognition Through Learnable Projection28 Jan 2026
- 2026Language Family Matters: Evaluating LLM-Based ASR Across Linguistic Boundaries26 Jan 2026
- 2025TokenVerse++: Towards Flexible Multitask Learning with Dynamic Task Activation27 Aug 2025
- 2025Optimal Transport Regularization for Speech Text Alignment in Spoken Language Models11 Aug 2025
5 more
- 2025Speech LLMs in Low-Resource Scenarios: Data Volume Requirements and the Impact of Pretraining on High-Resource Languages7 Aug 2025
- 2025The Eloquence team submission for task 1 of MLC-SLM challenge25 Jul 2025
- 2025Approaching Dialogue State Tracking via Aligning Speech Encoders and LLMs10 Jun 2025
- 2025Low-Resource Domain Adaptation for Speech LLMs via Text-Only Fine-Tuning6 Jun 2025
- 2025Adapting Automatic Speech Recognition for Accented Air Traffic Control Communications27 Feb 2025
- 2026Text-only adaptation in LLM-based ASR through text denoisingcited by 8
- 2025Low-Resource Domain Adaptation for Speech LLMs via Text-Only Fine-Tuningcited by 7
- 2025Speech LLMs in Low-Resource Scenarios: Data Volume Requirements and the Impact of Pretraining on High-Resource Languagescited by 7
- 2025Approaching Dialogue State Tracking via Aligning Speech Encoders and LLMscited by 4
- 2025The Eloquence team submission for task 1 of MLC-SLM challengecited by 4
- 2026Do LLM Decoders Listen Fairly? Benchmarking How Language Model Priors Shape Bias in Speech Recognitioncited by 4
- 2025Adapting Automatic Speech Recognition for Accented Air Traffic Control Communicationscited by 3
- 2025Optimal Transport Regularization for Speech Text Alignment in Spoken Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Language Family Matters: Evaluating LLM-Based ASR Across Linguistic Boundariescited by 2
- 2026Reducing Prompt Sensitivity in LLM-based Speech Recognition Through Learnable Projectioncited by 2
- 2026MEUSLI: a Multilingual Projector for LLM-based ASR and Beyondcited by 1
- 2025TokenVerse++: Towards Flexible Multitask Learning with Dynamic Task Activationcited by 0
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026MEUSLI: a Multilingual Projector for LLM-based ASR and Beyond24 Jul 2026
- 2026LuxSQA: Ask Me in Luxembourgish with TTS-Augmented Spoken Question Answering2 Jul 2026
- 2026Do LLM Decoders Listen Fairly? Benchmarking How Language Model Priors Shape Bias in Speech Recognition23 Apr 2026
- 2026Closing the Speech-Text Gap with Limited Audio for Effective Domain Adaptation in LLM-Based ASR7 Apr 2026
- 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removal20 Mar 2026
- 2026Measuring the Redundancy of Decoder Layers in SpeechLLMs5 Mar 2026
- 2026Text-only adaptation in LLM-based ASR through text denoising28 Jan 2026
- 2026Reducing Prompt Sensitivity in LLM-based Speech Recognition Through Learnable Projection28 Jan 2026
- 2026Language Family Matters: Evaluating LLM-Based ASR Across Linguistic Boundaries26 Jan 2026
- 2025TokenVerse++: Towards Flexible Multitask Learning with Dynamic Task Activation27 Aug 2025
- 2025Optimal Transport Regularization for Speech Text Alignment in Spoken Language Models11 Aug 2025
- 2025Speech LLMs in Low-Resource Scenarios: Data Volume Requirements and the Impact of Pretraining on High-Resource Languages7 Aug 2025
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)