mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FEET: A Framework for Evaluating Embedding Techniques

arXiv 2411.01322 ↗First posted 2 Nov 2024cs.LG stat.MLcited by 8

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

In this study, we introduce FEET, a standardized protocol designed to guide the development and benchmarking of foundation models. While numerous benchmark datasets exist for evaluating these models, we propose a structured evaluation protocol across three distinct scenarios to gain a comprehensive understanding of their practical performance. We define three primary use cases: frozen embeddings, few-shot embeddings, and fully fine-tuned embeddings. Each scenario is detailed and illustrated through two case studies: one in sentiment analysis and another in the medical domain, demonstrating how these evaluations provide a thorough assessment of foundation models' effectiveness in research applications. We recommend this protocol as a standard for future research aimed at advancing representation learning models.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Nov 2024.

Builds on

24 of 40 references.

References · 24

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  4. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  5. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  6. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  7. 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,243
  8. 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
  9. 2019HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processingcited by 2,201
  10. 2019SciBERT: A Pretrained Language Model for Scientific Textcited by 1,404
  11. 2019Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddingscited by 995
  12. 2022Fine-Tuning can Distort Pretrained Features and Underperform Out-of-Distributioncited by 722
12 more
  1. 2021Compacter: Efficient Low-Rank Hypercomplex Adapter Layerscited by 458
  2. 2020Fine-Tuning Pretrained Language Models: Weight Initializations, Data Orders, and Early Stoppingcited by 377
  3. 2021VL-Adapter: Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 319
  4. 2015A note on the evaluation of generative modelscited by 291
  5. 2021Self-Supervised Representation Learning: Introduction, Advances and Challengescited by 147
  6. 2023Fine-tuning can cripple your foundation model; preserving features may be the solutioncited by 92
  7. 2022Learning from Few Examples: A Summary of Approaches to Few-Shot Learningcited by 86
  8. 2024OmniJet-α: The first cross-task foundation model for particle physicscited by 41
  9. 2020Extensively Matching for Few-shot Learning Event Detectioncited by 18
  10. 2024Text Serialization and Their Relationship with the Conventional Paradigms of Tabular Machine Learningcited by 17
  11. 2024Supervised Fine-tuning in turn Improves Visual Foundation Modelscited by 13
  12. 2024Enhancing Antibiotic Stewardship using a Natural Language Approach for Better Feature Representationcited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

8 papers.