Explainable Behavior Cloning: Teaching Large Language Model Agents through Learning by Demonstration
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Autonomous mobile app interaction has become increasingly important with growing complexity of mobile applications. Developing intelligent agents that can effectively navigate and interact with mobile apps remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose an Explainable Behavior Cloning LLM Agent (EBC-LLMAgent), a novel approach that combines large language models (LLMs) with behavior cloning by learning demonstrations to create intelligent and explainable agents for autonomous mobile app interaction. EBC-LLMAgent consists of three core modules: Demonstration Encoding, Code Generation, and UI Mapping, which work synergistically to capture user demonstrations, generate executable codes, and establish accurate correspondence between code and UI elements. We introduce the Behavior Cloning Chain Fusion technique to enhance the generalization capabilities of the agent. Extensive experiments on five popular mobile applications from diverse domains demonstrate the superior performance of EBC-LLMAgent, achieving high success rates in task completion, efficient generalization to unseen scenarios, and the generation of meaningful explanations.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 17 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Oct 2024.
Builds on
17 of 26 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2023AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users21 Dec
- 2023You Only Look at Screens: Multimodal Chain-of-Action Agents20 Sep
Other references · 15
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
- 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,483
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,210
- 2023Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?cited by 515
- 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 350
- 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 314
- 2022Coder Reviewer Reranking for Code Generationcited by 83
- 2022Code4Struct: Code Generation for Few-Shot Event Structure Predictioncited by 70
- 2023Deploying and Evaluating LLMs to Program Service Mobile Robotscited by 36
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 160
- 2025Remote Sensing Image Intelligent Interpretation with the Language-Centered Perspective: Principles, Methods and Challengescited by 1
- 2026CORE: Code-based Inverse Self-Training Framework with Graph Expansion for Virtual Agentscited by 0
- 2026CodeSkill: Latent Skill Abstraction for Long-Horizon Code Agentscited by 0
- 2026CodeSkill: Latent Skill Abstraction for Long-Horizon Code Agents27 Sep 2026
- 2026CORE: Code-based Inverse Self-Training Framework with Graph Expansion for Virtual Agents5 Jan 2026
- 2025Remote Sensing Image Intelligent Interpretation with the Language-Centered Perspective: Principles, Methods and Challenges9 Aug 2025
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Survey27 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025LearnAct: Few-Shot Mobile GUI Agent with a Unified Demonstration Benchmark
- 2025AppCopilot: Toward General, Accurate, Long-Horizon, and Efficient Mobile Agent
- 2024MobileAgentBench: An Efficient and User-Friendly Benchmark for Mobile LLM Agents
- 2025ALLOY: Generating Reusable Agent Workflows from User Demonstration
- 2026PalmClaw: A Native On-Device Agent Framework for Mobile Phones
- 2025AgentCPM-GUI: Building Mobile-Use Agents with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
- 2023AgentTuning: Enabling Generalized Agent Abilities for LLMs
- 2025PerPilot: Personalizing VLM-based Mobile Agents via Memory and Exploration