Introducing MAPO: Momentum-Aided Gradient Descent Prompt Optimization
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Abstract (arXiv)
Momentum-Aided Prompt Optimization (MAPO) enhances the efficiency and efficacy of prompt optimization for Large Language Models (LLMs). Building on ProTeGi, MAPO uses positive natural language "gradients" and a momentum-based extension to refine prompts effectively. By tracking gradient history, MAPO avoids local minima and oscillations. It also utilizes beam search and an Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) algorithm for balanced candidate expansion and selection. Benchmark testing shows that MAPO achieves faster convergence time with fewer API calls and higher F1 scores than ProTeGi, proving it as a robust and scalable solution for automated prompt engineering in LLMs.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Oct 2024.
Builds on
8 of 18 references.
References · 8
- 2023Automatic Prompt Optimization with "Gradient Descent" and Beam Searchcited by 653
- 2023Promptbreeder: Self-Referential Self-Improvement Via Prompt Evolutioncited by 551
- 2018WiC: the Word-in-Context Dataset for Evaluating Context-Sensitive Meaning Representationscited by 372
- 2022RLPrompt: Optimizing Discrete Text Prompts with Reinforcement Learningcited by 366
- 2017"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detectioncited by 363
- 2023Self-Taught Optimizer (STOP): Recursively Self-Improving Code Generationcited by 148
- 2023Automatic Prompt Augmentation and Selection with Chain-of-Thought from Labeled Datacited by 119
- 2020ETHOS: an Online Hate Speech Detection Datasetcited by 66
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 6.
9 papers.
- 2025GAAPO: Genetic Algorithmic Applied to Prompt Optimizationcited by 11
- 2026Modular Prompt Optimization: Optimizing Structured Prompts with Section-Local Textual Gradientscited by 8
- 2025Scaling Textual Gradients via Sampling-Based Momentumcited by 6
- 2025Automatic Prompt Optimization for Knowledge Graph Construction: Insights from an Empirical Studycited by 6
- 2026Reasoning as Gradient: Scaling MLE Agents Beyond Tree Searchcited by 4
- 2026AgentGrad: Intervention-guided Prompt Optimization for Multi Agent Systemscited by 3
- 2026LiveSim: Simulating Environment-Shaped Users in Multi-Agent Live-Stream Ecosystemscited by 0
- 2026STEVE: Stabilizing Textual Gradient-Based Prompt Optimization via Error-Driven Refinement and Regularized Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Joint Workflow and Prompt Optimization for User Behavior Simulationcited by 0
- 2026Joint Workflow and Prompt Optimization for User Behavior Simulation6 Oct 2026
- 2026STEVE: Stabilizing Textual Gradient-Based Prompt Optimization via Error-Driven Refinement and Regularized Verification20 Sep 2026
- 2026AgentGrad: Intervention-guided Prompt Optimization for Multi Agent Systems8 Sep 2026
- 2026LiveSim: Simulating Environment-Shaped Users in Multi-Agent Live-Stream Ecosystems27 Aug 2026
- 2026Reasoning as Gradient: Scaling MLE Agents Beyond Tree Search2 Mar 2026
- 2026Modular Prompt Optimization: Optimizing Structured Prompts with Section-Local Textual Gradients7 Jan 2026
- 2025Automatic Prompt Optimization for Knowledge Graph Construction: Insights from an Empirical Study24 Jun 2025
- 2025Scaling Textual Gradients via Sampling-Based Momentum31 May 2025
- 2025GAAPO: Genetic Algorithmic Applied to Prompt Optimization9 Apr 2025