VulnLLMEval: A Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models in Software Vulnerability Detection and Patching
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in tasks like code translation, prompting interest in their potential for automating software vulnerability detection (SVD) and patching (SVP). To further research in this area, establishing a benchmark is essential for evaluating the strengths and limitations of LLMs in these tasks. Despite their capabilities, questions remain regarding whether LLMs can accurately analyze complex vulnerabilities and generate appropriate patches. This paper introduces VulnLLMEval, a framework designed to assess the performance of LLMs in identifying and patching vulnerabilities in C code. Our study includes 307 real-world vulnerabilities extracted from the Linux kernel, creating a well-curated dataset that includes both vulnerable and patched code. This dataset, based on real-world code, provides a diverse and representative testbed for evaluating LLM performance in SVD and SVP tasks, offering a robust foundation for rigorous assessment. Our results reveal that LLMs often struggle with distinguishing between vulnerable and patched code. Furthermore, in SVP tasks, these models tend to oversimplify the code, producing solutions that may not be directly usable without further refinement.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Sep 2024.
Builds on
32 of 56 references.
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20 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
9 papers.
- 2025BioPose: Biomechanically-accurate 3D Pose Estimation from Monocular Videoscited by 16
- 2025Large Language Models for Security Operations Centers: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 9
- 2025Reasoning with LLMs for Zero-Shot Vulnerability Detectioncited by 7
- 2025Revisiting Pre-trained Language Models for Vulnerability Detectioncited by 3
- 2025CoTDeceptor:Adversarial Code Obfuscation Against CoT-Enhanced LLM Code Agentscited by 3
- 2024INVARLLM: LLM-assisted Physical Invariant Extraction for Cyber-Physical Systems Anomaly Detectioncited by 2
- 2026Three Heads Are Better Than One: A Multi-perspective Reasoning Framework for Enhanced Vulnerability Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Evaluating LLMs for One-Shot Patching of Real and Artificial Vulnerabilitiescited by 0
- 2025Diverse LLMs vs. Vulnerabilities: Who Detects and Fixes Them Better?cited by 0
- 2026Three Heads Are Better Than One: A Multi-perspective Reasoning Framework for Enhanced Vulnerability Detection18 May 2026
- 2025CoTDeceptor:Adversarial Code Obfuscation Against CoT-Enhanced LLM Code Agents24 Dec 2025
- 2025Diverse LLMs vs. Vulnerabilities: Who Detects and Fixes Them Better?14 Dec 2025
- 2025Evaluating LLMs for One-Shot Patching of Real and Artificial Vulnerabilities28 Nov 2025
- 2025Large Language Models for Security Operations Centers: A Comprehensive Survey13 Sep 2025
- 2025Revisiting Pre-trained Language Models for Vulnerability Detection22 Jul 2025
- 2025Reasoning with LLMs for Zero-Shot Vulnerability Detection22 Mar 2025
- 2025BioPose: Biomechanically-accurate 3D Pose Estimation from Monocular Videos14 Jan 2025
- 2024INVARLLM: LLM-assisted Physical Invariant Extraction for Cyber-Physical Systems Anomaly Detection17 Nov 2024