mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FlexEdit: Marrying Free-Shape Masks to VLLM for Flexible Image Editing

arXiv 2408.12429 ↗First posted 22 Aug 2024cs.CVcited by 5

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Combining Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) with diffusion models offers a powerful method for executing image editing tasks based on human language instructions. However, language instructions alone often fall short in accurately conveying user requirements, particularly when users want to add, replace elements in specific areas of an image. Luckily, masks can effectively indicate the exact locations or elements to be edited, while they require users to precisely draw the shapes at the desired locations, which is highly user-unfriendly. To address this, we propose FlexEdit, an end-to-end image editing method that leverages both free-shape masks and language instructions for Flexible Editing. Our approach employs a VLLM in comprehending the image content, mask, and user instructions. Additionally, we introduce the Mask Enhance Adapter (MEA) that fuses the embeddings of the VLLM with the image data, ensuring a seamless integration of mask information and model output embeddings. Furthermore, we construct FSMI-Edit, a benchmark specifically tailored for free-shape mask, including 8 types of free-shape mask. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in LLM-based image editing, and our simple prompting technique stands out in its effectiveness. The code and data can be found at https://github.com/A-new-b/flex_edit.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 27 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Aug 2024.

Builds on

27 of 32 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023SmartEdit: Exploring Complex Instruction-based Image Editing with Multimodal Large Language Models11 Dec
  2. 2023IP-Adapter: Text Compatible Image Prompt Adapter for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models13 Aug
  3. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov

Other references · 24

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  5. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  6. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  7. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  8. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
  9. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  10. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
  11. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,385
  12. 2016Modeling Context in Referring Expressionscited by 1,054
12 more
  1. 2023LISA: Reasoning Segmentation via Large Language Modelcited by 770
  2. 2023MiniGPT-v2: large language model as a unified interface for vision-language multi-task learningcited by 617
  3. 2023MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editingcited by 615
  4. 2023Otter: A Multi-Modal Model with In-Context Instruction Tuningcited by 548
  5. 2023AnyDoor: Zero-shot Object-level Image Customizationcited by 411
  6. 2024SEED-X: Multimodal Models with Unified Multi-granularity Comprehension and Generationcited by 328
  7. 2023GRES: Generalized Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 252
  8. 2023InstructDiffusion: A Generalist Modeling Interface for Vision Taskscited by 162
  9. 2023DetGPT: Detect What You Need via Reasoningcited by 112
  10. 2023InstructAny2Pix: Flexible Visual Editing via Multimodal Instruction Followingcited by 24
  11. 2023SmartMask: Context Aware High-Fidelity Mask Generation for Fine-grained Object Insertion and Layout Controlcited by 18
  12. 2024When ControlNet Meets Inexplicit Masks: A Case Study of ControlNet on its Contour-following Abilitycited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025FireEdit: Fine-grained Instruction-based Image Editing via Region-aware Vision Language Model
  2. 2025UniEdit-I: Training-free Image Editing for Unified VLM via Iterative Understanding, Editing and Verifying
  3. 2025SmartFreeEdit: Mask-Free Spatial-Aware Image Editing with Complex Instruction Understanding
  4. 2024Click2Mask: Local Editing with Dynamic Mask Generation
  5. 2023InstructEdit: Improving Automatic Masks for Diffusion-based Image Editing With User Instructions
  6. 2023Guiding Instruction-based Image Editing via Multimodal Large Language Models
  7. 2025Understanding the Implicit User Intention via Reasoning with Large Language Model for Image Editing
  8. 2024MFTF: Mask-free Training-free Object Level Layout Control Diffusion Model