Universal Matrix Multiplication on Quantum Computer

As the most central and computationally intensive component of deep neural networks, the execution efficiency of matrix multiplication directly determines the training and inference performance of models. Harnessing the parallel processing capabilities afforded by quantum superposition and entanglement to reshape matrix multiplication implementations has become a promising entry point for optimising underlying quantum arithmetic logic and improving the operational efficiency of quantum circuits. This paper proposes a universal quantum matrix multiplication (QMM) framework designed to achieve substantial computational acceleration through an optimised quantum arithmetic logic unit. To circumvent the limitations of multi-register and multi-control gates in conventional quantum arithmetic circuits, we encode classical data directly into parameterised (Rz) rotation gates using the quantum Fourier transform (QFT), thereby reducing the base gate complexity of the quantum adder to (O(n)). In addition, by adopting the column-wise multiplication principle from classical arithmetic, we optimize the gate complexity of the quantum multiplier to (O(n2)). We further extend this approach to a quantum version of the Strassen algorithm, and experimentally quantify the trade-off between reduced multiplication time and increased overhead in addition resources. This work establishes a reliable technical pathway for constructing general-purpose quantum matrix operations, with the potential to unlock substantial computational power for training modern machine learning models.