Evaluation of RAG Metrics for Question Answering in the Telecom Domain
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → RAG robustness and adaptive retrieval
Abstract (arXiv)
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to enable Large Language Models (LLMs) perform Question Answering (QA) tasks in various domains. However, RAG based on open-source LLM for specialized domains has challenges of evaluating generated responses. A popular framework in the literature is the RAG Assessment (RAGAS), a publicly available library which uses LLMs for evaluation. One disadvantage of RAGAS is the lack of details of derivation of numerical value of the evaluation metrics. One of the outcomes of this work is a modified version of this package for few metrics (faithfulness, context relevance, answer relevance, answer correctness, answer similarity and factual correctness) through which we provide the intermediate outputs of the prompts by using any LLMs. Next, we analyse the expert evaluations of the output of the modified RAGAS package and observe the challenges of using it in the telecom domain. We also study the effect of the metrics under correct vs. wrong retrieval and observe that few of the metrics have higher values for correct retrieval. We also study for differences in metrics between base embeddings and those domain adapted via pre-training and fine-tuning. Finally, we comment on the suitability and challenges of using these metrics for in-the-wild telecom QA task.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in RAG robustness and adaptive retrieval, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 16 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2024.
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16 of 29 references.
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- 2024Automated Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Language Models with Task-Specific Exam Generation22 May
- 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generation4 Sep
Other references · 14
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
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- 2023Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 408
- 2023ARES: An Automated Evaluation Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systemscited by 259
- 2021All Bark and No Bite: Rogue Dimensions in Transformer Language Models Obscure Representational Qualitycited by 150
- 2024CRAG -- Comprehensive RAG Benchmarkcited by 94
- 2024Is Cosine-Similarity of Embeddings Really About Similarity?cited by 89
- 2024Large Language Model (LLM) for Telecommunications: A Comprehensive Survey on Principles, Key Techniques, and Opportunitiescited by 83
- 2023Understanding Retrieval Augmentation for Long-Form Question Answeringcited by 45
- 2020On the Interplay Between Fine-tuning and Sentence-level Probing for Linguistic Knowledge in Pre-trained Transformerscited by 39
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 11; 2026: 4.
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- 2025Retrieval Augmented Generation Evaluation in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 20
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- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universe22 Dec 2025
- 2025TelcoAI: Advancing 3GPP Technical Specification Search through Agentic Multi-Modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation17 Nov 2025
- 2025Measuring Visual Understanding in Telecom domain: Performance Metrics for Image-to-UML conversion using VLMs15 Sep 2025
- 2025DeepTRACE: Auditing Deep Research AI Systems for Tracking Reliability Across Citations and Evidence2 Sep 2025
- 2025A Graph-based Approach for Multi-Modal Question Answering from Flowcharts in Telecom Documents25 Jul 2025
- 2025UrbanMind: Towards Urban General Intelligence via Tool-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Multilevel Optimization7 Jul 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Vector, Graph and Hybrid Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Pipelines for Open Radio Access Networks (ORAN)4 Jul 2025
- 2025BR-TaxQA-R: A Dataset for Question Answering with References for Brazilian Personal Income Tax Law, including case law21 May 2025
7 more
- 2025Knowledge Distillation of Domain-adapted LLMs for Question-Answering in Telecom28 Apr 2025
- 2025Retrieval Augmented Generation Evaluation in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey21 Apr 2025
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecommunications using Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation31 Mar 2025
- 2024Correctness is not Faithfulness in RAG Attributions23 Dec 2024
- 2024Speech Retrieval-Augmented Generation without Automatic Speech Recognition21 Dec 2024
- 2024TeleOracle: Fine-Tuned Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Long-Context Support for Network4 Nov 2024
- 2024Search Engines in an AI Era: The False Promise of Factual and Verifiable Source-Cited Responses15 Oct 2024
- 2025Retrieval Augmented Generation Evaluation in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 20
- 2024Speech Retrieval-Augmented Generation without Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 14
- 2025A Graph-based Approach for Multi-Modal Question Answering from Flowcharts in Telecom Documentscited by 3
- 2024TeleOracle: Fine-Tuned Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Long-Context Support for Networkcited by 2
- 2025BR-TaxQA-R: A Dataset for Question Answering with References for Brazilian Personal Income Tax Law, including case lawcited by 2
- 2025Benchmarking Vector, Graph and Hybrid Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Pipelines for Open Radio Access Networks (ORAN)cited by 2
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecommunications using Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 1
- 2025UrbanMind: Towards Urban General Intelligence via Tool-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Multilevel Optimizationcited by 0
- 2025TelcoAI: Advancing 3GPP Technical Specification Search through Agentic Multi-Modal Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2026Retrieval-Augmented Tutoring for Algorithm Tracing and Problem-Solving in AI Educationcited by 0
- 2026A Comparative Study of Language Models for Khmer Retrieval-Augmented Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026A Comparative Study of Language Models for Khmer Retrieval-Augmented Question Answering21 May 2026
- 2026Retrieval-Augmented Tutoring for Algorithm Tracing and Problem-Solving in AI Education13 May 2026
- 2025TelcoAI: Advancing 3GPP Technical Specification Search through Agentic Multi-Modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation17 Nov 2025
- 2025A Graph-based Approach for Multi-Modal Question Answering from Flowcharts in Telecom Documents25 Jul 2025
- 2025UrbanMind: Towards Urban General Intelligence via Tool-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Multilevel Optimization7 Jul 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Vector, Graph and Hybrid Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Pipelines for Open Radio Access Networks (ORAN)4 Jul 2025
- 2025BR-TaxQA-R: A Dataset for Question Answering with References for Brazilian Personal Income Tax Law, including case law21 May 2025
- 2025Retrieval Augmented Generation Evaluation in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey21 Apr 2025
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecommunications using Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation31 Mar 2025
- 2024Speech Retrieval-Augmented Generation without Automatic Speech Recognition21 Dec 2024
- 2024TeleOracle: Fine-Tuned Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Long-Context Support for Network4 Nov 2024
- 2024Correctness is not Faithfulness in RAG Attributionscited by 18
- 2024Search Engines in an AI Era: The False Promise of Factual and Verifiable Source-Cited Responsescited by 15
- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universecited by 3
- 2025Measuring Visual Understanding in Telecom domain: Performance Metrics for Image-to-UML conversion using VLMscited by 1
- 2025Knowledge Distillation of Domain-adapted LLMs for Question-Answering in Telecomcited by 0
- 2026Adaptive Rigor in AI System Evaluation using Temperature-Controlled Verdict Aggregation via Generalized Power Meancited by 0
- 2026FactoryLLM: A Safe and Open-Source AI Playground for Evaluating LLMs in Smart Factoriescited by 0
- 2026FactoryLLM: A Safe and Open-Source AI Playground for Evaluating LLMs in Smart Factories12 Jun 2026
- 2026Adaptive Rigor in AI System Evaluation using Temperature-Controlled Verdict Aggregation via Generalized Power Mean4 Apr 2026
- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universe22 Dec 2025
- 2025Measuring Visual Understanding in Telecom domain: Performance Metrics for Image-to-UML conversion using VLMs15 Sep 2025
- 2025Knowledge Distillation of Domain-adapted LLMs for Question-Answering in Telecom28 Apr 2025
- 2024Correctness is not Faithfulness in RAG Attributions23 Dec 2024
- 2024Search Engines in an AI Era: The False Promise of Factual and Verifiable Source-Cited Responses15 Oct 2024
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