Evaluation of LLMs Biases Towards Elite Universities: A Persona-Based Exploration
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Abstract (arXiv)
This study investigates whether popular LLMs exhibit bias towards elite universities when generating personas for technology industry professionals. We employed a novel persona-based approach to compare the educational background predictions of GPT-3.5, Gemini, and Claude 3 Sonnet with actual data from LinkedIn. The study focused on various roles at Microsoft, Meta, and Google, including VP Product, Director of Engineering, and Software Engineer. We generated 432 personas across the three LLMs and analyzed the frequency of elite universities (Stanford, MIT, UC Berkeley, and Harvard) in these personas compared to LinkedIn data. Results showed that LLMs significantly overrepresented elite universities, featuring these universities 72.45% of the time, compared to only 8.56% in the actual LinkedIn data. ChatGPT 3.5 exhibited the highest bias, followed by Claude Sonnet 3, while Gemini performed best. This research highlights the need to address educational bias in LLMs and suggests strategies for mitigating such biases in AI-driven recruitment processes.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Jun 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directionscited by 27
- 2025Evaluating Bias in LLMs for Job-Resume Matching: Gender, Race, and Educationcited by 13
- 2025Boosting Relational Deep Learning with Pretrained Tabular Modelscited by 9
- 2025Using AI for User Representation: An Analysis of 83 Persona Promptscited by 4
- 2025Gender and content bias in Large Language Models: a case study on Google Gemini 2.0 Flash Experimentalcited by 3
- 2025Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating Conversational AI Chatbotscited by 2
- 2026Institutional Prestige as Geographic Bias in Large Language Models: Evidence from Three Factorial Experiments with Bootstrap Confidence Intervalscited by 0
- 2026Institutional Prestige as Geographic Bias in Large Language Models: Evidence from Three Factorial Experiments with Bootstrap Confidence Intervals10 Jun 2026
- 2025Using AI for User Representation: An Analysis of 83 Persona Prompts18 Aug 2025
- 2025Boosting Relational Deep Learning with Pretrained Tabular Models7 Apr 2025
- 2025Evaluating Bias in LLMs for Job-Resume Matching: Gender, Race, and Education24 Mar 2025
- 2025Gender and content bias in Large Language Models: a case study on Google Gemini 2.0 Flash Experimental18 Mar 2025
- 2025Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating Conversational AI Chatbots10 Feb 2025
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directions24 Sep 2024