Hire: Hybrid-modal Interaction with Multiple Relational Enhancements for Image-Text Matching

Image-text matching (ITM) is a fundamental problem in computer vision. The key issue lies in jointly learning the visual and textual representation to estimate their similarity accurately. Most existing methods focus on feature enhancement within modality or feature interaction across modalities, which, however, neglects the contextual information of the object representation based on the inter-object relationships that match the corresponding sentences with rich contextual semantics. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid-modal Interaction with multiple Relational Enhancements (termed textitHire) for image-text matching, which correlates the intra- and inter-modal semantics between objects and words with implicit and explicit relationship modelling. In particular, the explicit intra-modal spatial-semantic graph-based reasoning network is designed to improve the contextual representation of visual objects with salient spatial and semantic relational connectivities, guided by the explicit relationships of the objects' spatial positions and their scene graph. We use implicit relationship modelling for potential relationship interactions before explicit modelling to improve the fault tolerance of explicit relationship detection. Then the visual and textual semantic representations are refined jointly via inter-modal interactive attention and cross-modal alignment. To correlate the context of objects with the textual context, we further refine the visual semantic representation via cross-level object-sentence and word-image-based interactive attention. Extensive experiments validate that the proposed hybrid-modal interaction with implicit and explicit modelling is more beneficial for image-text matching. And the proposed textitHire obtains new state-of-the-art results on MS-COCO and Flickr30K benchmarks.