mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Micro-power spoken keyword spotting on Xylo Audio 2

arXiv 2406.15112 ↗First posted 21 Jun 2024cs.NEcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

For many years, designs for "Neuromorphic" or brain-like processors have been motivated by achieving extreme energy efficiency, compared with von-Neumann and tensor processor devices. As part of their design language, Neuromorphic processors take advantage of weight, parameter, state and activity sparsity. In the extreme case, neural networks based on these principles mimic the sparse activity oof biological nervous systems, in ``Spiking Neural Networks'' (SNNs). Few benchmarks are available for Neuromorphic processors, that have been implemented for a range of Neuromorphic and non-Neuromorphic platforms, which can therefore demonstrate the energy benefits of Neuromorphic processor designs. Here we describes the implementation of a spoken audio keyword-spotting (KWS) benchmark "Aloha" on the Xylo Audio 2 (SYNS61210) Neuromorphic processor device. We obtained high deployed quantized task accuracy, (95%), exceeding the benchmark task accuracy. We measured real continuous power of the deployed application on Xylo. We obtained best-in-class dynamic inference power (291μW) and best-in-class inference efficiency (6.6μJ / Inf). Xylo sets a new minimum power for the Aloha KWS benchmark, and highlights the extreme energy efficiency achievable with Neuromorphic processor designs. Our results show that Neuromorphic designs are well-suited for real-time near- and in-sensor processing on edge devices.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2024.

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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1.

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  1. 2026End-to-End Keyword Spotting on FPGA Using Graph Neural Networks with a Neuromorphic Auditory Sensor
  2. 2023Gradient-descent hardware-aware training and deployment for mixed-signal Neuromorphic processors
  3. 2026Spiking and Event-driven Neuromorphic Mamba Models for Efficient Speech Recognition
  4. 2025A 71.2-μW Speech Recognition Accelerator with Recurrent Spiking Neural Network
  5. 2025Neuromorphic Principles for Efficient Large Language Models on Intel Loihi 2
  6. 2024Sorbet: A Neuromorphic Hardware-Compatible Transformer-Based Spiking Language Model
  7. 2026Zephyr: An Efficient Audio Denoising System Using Spiking Neural Networks Enabled With A Sparsity-Aware Flexible FPGA PE Array ↗
  8. 2022A Fast Network Exploration Strategy to Profile Low Energy Consumption for Keyword Spotting