Improving Interpretability and Robustness for the Detection of AI-Generated Images
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
With growing abilities of generative models, artificial content detection becomes an increasingly important and difficult task. However, all popular approaches to this problem suffer from poor generalization across domains and generative models. In this work, we focus on the robustness of AI-generated image (AIGI) detectors. We analyze existing state-of-the-art AIGI detection methods based on frozen CLIP embeddings and show how to interpret them, shedding light on how images produced by various AI generators differ from real ones. Next we propose two ways to improve robustness: based on removing harmful components of the embedding vector and based on selecting the best performing attention heads in the image encoder model. Our methods increase the mean out-of-distribution (OOD) classification score by up to 6% for cross-model transfer. We also propose a new dataset for AIGI detection and use it in our evaluation; we believe this dataset will help boost further research. The dataset and code are provided as a supplement.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2024.
Builds on
36 of 45 references.
References · 36
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
- 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
- 2019What Does BERT Look At? An Analysis of BERT's Attentioncited by 994
- 2019CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowcited by 842
- 2019Are Sixteen Heads Really Better than One?cited by 803
- 2023DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvaturecited by 705
- 2020Transformer Interpretability Beyond Attention Visualizationcited by 620
- 2019Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Modelscited by 505
- 2019GLTR: Statistical Detection and Visualization of Generated Textcited by 490
24 more
- 2023Towards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative Modelscited by 483
- 2018What you can cram into a single vector: Probing sentence embeddings for linguistic propertiescited by 452
- 2023Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defensecited by 401
- 2023DIRE for Diffusion-Generated Image Detectioncited by 386
- 2019Revealing the Dark Secrets of BERTcited by 300
- 2022On the detection of synthetic images generated by diffusion modelscited by 282
- 2023Raising the Bar of AI-generated Image Detection with CLIPcited by 163
- 2021All Bark and No Bite: Rogue Dimensions in Transformer Language Models Obscure Representational Qualitycited by 150
- 2021Are GAN generated images easy to detect? A critical analysis of the state-of-the-artcited by 139
- 2022Towards the Detection of Diffusion Model Deepfakescited by 111
- 2023Intrinsic Dimension Estimation for Robust Detection of AI-Generated Textscited by 111
- 2021BERT Busters: Outlier Dimensions that Disrupt Transformerscited by 110
- 2022Does CLIP Bind Concepts? Probing Compositionality in Large Image Modelscited by 101
- 2022Outliers Dimensions that Disrupt Transformers Are Driven by Frequencycited by 55
- 2021IsoScore: Measuring the Uniformity of Embedding Space Utilizationcited by 52
- 2023AttentionViz: A Global View of Transformer Attentioncited by 50
- 2023Exposing the Fake: Effective Diffusion-Generated Images Detectioncited by 48
- 2024A Single Simple Patch is All You Need for AI-generated Image Detectioncited by 43
- 2020Positional Artefacts Propagate Through Masked Language Model Embeddingscited by 34
- 2023How Does Attention Work in Vision Transformers? A Visual Analytics Attemptcited by 29
- 2023AI-Generated Image Detection using a Cross-Attention Enhanced Dual-Stream Networkcited by 22
- 2024Beyond Deepfake Images: Detecting AI-Generated Videoscited by 22
- 2021The heads hypothesis: A unifying statistical approach towards understanding multi-headed attention in BERTcited by 15
- 2021Pattern Detection in the Activation Space for Identifying Synthesized Contentcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
5 papers.
- 2025Bridging the Gap Between Ideal and Real-world Evaluation: Benchmarking AI-Generated Image Detection in Challenging Scenarioscited by 24
- 2026Synthetic Image Detection with CLIP: Understanding and Assessing Predictive Cuescited by 1
- 2025DejAIvu: Identifying and Explaining AI Art on the Web in Real-Time with Saliency Mapscited by 0
- 2026Boosting Robust AIGI Detection with LoRA-based Pairwise Trainingcited by 0
- 2026On the Separation of Human and AI-Generated Images in CLIP Embedding Spacecited by 0
- 2026On the Separation of Human and AI-Generated Images in CLIP Embedding Space26 Aug 2026
- 2026Boosting Robust AIGI Detection with LoRA-based Pairwise Training14 Apr 2026
- 2026Synthetic Image Detection with CLIP: Understanding and Assessing Predictive Cues12 Feb 2026
- 2025Bridging the Gap Between Ideal and Real-world Evaluation: Benchmarking AI-Generated Image Detection in Challenging Scenarios11 Sep 2025
- 2025DejAIvu: Identifying and Explaining AI Art on the Web in Real-Time with Saliency Maps12 Feb 2025