Inference Acceleration for Large Language Models on CPUs
On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Serving systems and request scheduling
Abstract (arXiv)
In recent years, large language models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, deploying these models for real-world applications often requires efficient inference solutions to handle the computational demands. In this paper, we explore the utilization of CPUs for accelerating the inference of large language models. Specifically, we introduce a parallelized approach to enhance throughput by 1) Exploiting the parallel processing capabilities of modern CPU architectures, 2) Batching the inference request. Our evaluation shows the accelerated inference engine gives an 18-22x improvement in the generated token per sec. The improvement is more with longer sequence and larger models. In addition to this, we can also run multiple workers in the same machine with NUMA node isolation to further improvement in tokens/s. Table 2, we have received 4x additional improvement with 4 workers. This would also make Gen-AI based products and companies environment friendly, our estimates shows that CPU usage for Inference could reduce the power consumption of LLMs by 48.9% while providing production ready throughput and latency.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Serving systems and request scheduling, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 8 of its 9 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Mar 2024.
Builds on
8 of 9 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Infinite-LLM: Efficient LLM Service for Long Context with DistAttention and Distributed KVCache5 Jan
- 2023Efficient LLM Inference on CPUs1 Nov
Other references · 6
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
- 2023Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Codecited by 2,105
- 2023FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performancecited by 791
- 2023StarCoder: may the source be with you!cited by 790
- 2019Fast Transformer Decoding: One Write-Head is All You Needcited by 700
- 2019Theoretical Limitations of Self-Attention in Neural Sequence Modelscited by 286
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.
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- 2024GUIDE: A Global Unified Inference Engine for Deploying Large Language Models in Heterogeneous Environments
- 2025Accelerating Large Language Model Inference via Early-Exiting Algorithms
- 2024Minions: Accelerating Large Language Model Inference with Aggregated Speculative Execution
- 2026Understand and Accelerate Memory Processing Pipeline for Large Language Model Inference
- 2024Generation Meets Verification: Accelerating Large Language Model Inference with Smart Parallel Auto-Correct Decoding
- 2024Demystifying AI Platform Design for Distributed Inference of Next-Generation LLM models