RKLD: Reverse KL-Divergence-based Knowledge Distillation for Unlearning Personal Information in Large Language Models
On the map: LLM safety and security → Machine unlearning
also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)
With the passage of the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) regulations and the scaling up of language model training datasets, research on model unlearning in large language models (LLMs) has become more crucial. Before the era of LLMs, machine unlearning research focused mainly on classification tasks in models with small parameters. In these tasks, the content to be forgotten or retained is clear and straightforward. However, as parameter sizes have grown and tasks have become more complex, balancing forget quality and model utility has become more challenging, especially in scenarios involving personal data instead of classification results. Existing methods based on gradient ascent and its variants often struggle with this balance, leading to unintended information loss or partial forgetting. To address this challenge, we propose RKLD, a novel Reverse KL-Divergence-based Knowledge Distillation unlearning algorithm for LLMs targeting the unlearning of personal information. Through RKLD, we achieve significant forget quality and effectively maintain the model utility in our experiments.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Machine unlearning, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 23 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2024.
Builds on
23 of 36 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Negative Preference Optimization: From Catastrophic Collapse to Effective Unlearning8 Apr
- 2024TOFU: A Task of Fictitious Unlearning for LLMs11 Jan
- 2023Unlearn What You Want to Forget: Efficient Unlearning for LLMs31 Oct
- 2023In-Context Unlearning: Language Models as Few Shot Unlearners11 Oct
- 2023Who's Harry Potter? Approximate Unlearning in LLMs3 Oct
- 2023KGA: A General Machine Unlearning Framework Based on Knowledge Gap Alignment11 May
- 2022Knowledge Unlearning for Mitigating Privacy Risks in Language Models4 Oct
- 2022Quark: Controllable Text Generation with Reinforced Unlearning26 May
- 2021Remember What You Want to Forget: Algorithms for Machine Unlearning4 Mar
Other references · 14
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2020Extracting Training Data from Large Language Modelscited by 2,189
- 2019Machine Unlearningcited by 1,061
- 2019Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Net: Selective Forgetting in Deep Networkscited by 618
- 2023Forget-Me-Not: Learning to Forget in Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 301
- 2021Dataset Inference: Ownership Resolution in Machine Learningcited by 116
- 2022Federated Unlearning: How to Efficiently Erase a Client in FL?cited by 95
- 2023Privacy Issues in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 60
- 2022uChecker: Masked Pretrained Language Models as Unsupervised Chinese Spelling Checkerscited by 9
- 2022PhysNLU: A Language Resource for Evaluating Natural Language Understanding and Explanation Coherence in Physicscited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 12; 2026: 5.
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- 2024Simplicity Prevails: Rethinking Negative Preference Optimization for LLM Unlearningcited by 172
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- 2026SHRED: Retain-Set-Free Unlearning via Self-Distillation with Logit Demotion8 May 2026
- 2026Attention Smoothing Is All You Need For Unlearning1 Mar 2026
- 2026REBEL: Hidden Knowledge Recovery via Evolutionary-Based Evaluation Loop5 Feb 2026
- 2026EvoMU: Evolutionary Machine Unlearning2 Feb 2026
- 2025Erase to Retain: Low Rank Adaptation Guided Selective Unlearning in Medical Segmentation Networks20 Nov 2025
- 2025AUVIC: Adversarial Unlearning of Visual Concepts for Multi-modal Large Language Models14 Nov 2025
- 2025Lifelong Learning with Behavior Consolidation for Vehicle Routing26 Sep 2025
- 2025LLM Collaboration With Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning6 Aug 2025
- 2025Reasoning Model Unlearning: Forgetting Traces, Not Just Answers, While Preserving Reasoning Skills15 Jun 2025
- 2025Step-by-Step Reasoning Attack: Revealing 'Erased' Knowledge in Large Language Models14 Jun 2025
- 2025Distillation Robustifies Unlearning6 Jun 2025
9 more
- 2025Does Machine Unlearning Truly Remove Knowledge?29 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Verified Machine Unlearning For Distillation28 Mar 2025
- 2025SAUCE: Selective Concept Unlearning in Vision-Language Models with Sparse Autoencoders16 Mar 2025
- 2025Erasing Without Remembering: Implicit Knowledge Forgetting in Large Language Models27 Feb 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Unlearning Techniques for Large Language Models22 Feb 2025
- 2024Meta-Unlearning on Diffusion Models: Preventing Relearning Unlearned Concepts16 Oct 2024
- 2024A Closer Look at Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models10 Oct 2024
- 2024Simplicity Prevails: Rethinking Negative Preference Optimization for LLM Unlearning9 Oct 2024
- 2024A More Practical Approach to Machine Unlearning13 Jun 2024
- 2024A Closer Look at Machine Unlearning for Large Language Modelscited by 56
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Unlearning Techniques for Large Language Modelscited by 34
- 2025Distillation Robustifies Unlearningcited by 11
- 2025Does Machine Unlearning Truly Remove Knowledge?cited by 7
- 2026Attention Smoothing Is All You Need For Unlearningcited by 7
- 2025Erasing Without Remembering: Implicit Knowledge Forgetting in Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026REBEL: Hidden Knowledge Recovery via Evolutionary-Based Evaluation Loopcited by 4
- 2024A More Practical Approach to Machine Unlearningcited by 3
- 2025Efficient Verified Machine Unlearning For Distillationcited by 2
- 2025Erase to Retain: Low Rank Adaptation Guided Selective Unlearning in Medical Segmentation Networkscited by 0
- 2026EvoMU: Evolutionary Machine Unlearningcited by 0
- 2026SHRED: Retain-Set-Free Unlearning via Self-Distillation with Logit Demotioncited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Fast Unlearning at Scale via Margin Self-Correction1 Jun 2026
- 2026SHRED: Retain-Set-Free Unlearning via Self-Distillation with Logit Demotion8 May 2026
- 2026Attention Smoothing Is All You Need For Unlearning1 Mar 2026
- 2026REBEL: Hidden Knowledge Recovery via Evolutionary-Based Evaluation Loop5 Feb 2026
- 2026EvoMU: Evolutionary Machine Unlearning2 Feb 2026
- 2025Erase to Retain: Low Rank Adaptation Guided Selective Unlearning in Medical Segmentation Networks20 Nov 2025
- 2025Distillation Robustifies Unlearning6 Jun 2025
- 2025Does Machine Unlearning Truly Remove Knowledge?29 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Verified Machine Unlearning For Distillation28 Mar 2025
- 2025Erasing Without Remembering: Implicit Knowledge Forgetting in Large Language Models27 Feb 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Unlearning Techniques for Large Language Models22 Feb 2025
- 2024A Closer Look at Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models10 Oct 2024
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2024Simplicity Prevails: Rethinking Negative Preference Optimization for LLM Unlearningcited by 172
- 2025Reasoning Model Unlearning: Forgetting Traces, Not Just Answers, While Preserving Reasoning Skillscited by 14
- 2025Step-by-Step Reasoning Attack: Revealing 'Erased' Knowledge in Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2025Reasoning Model Unlearning: Forgetting Traces, Not Just Answers, While Preserving Reasoning Skills15 Jun 2025
- 2025Step-by-Step Reasoning Attack: Revealing 'Erased' Knowledge in Large Language Models14 Jun 2025
- 2024Simplicity Prevails: Rethinking Negative Preference Optimization for LLM Unlearning9 Oct 2024
- 2025LLM Collaboration With Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 49
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