mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

STAT: Shrinking Transformers After Training

arXiv 2406.00061 ↗First posted 29 May 2024cs.LG cs.AI cs.CLcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present STAT: a simple algorithm to prune transformer models without any fine-tuning. STAT eliminates both attention heads and neurons from the network, while preserving accuracy by calculating a correction to the weights of the next layer. Each layer block in the network is compressed using a series of principled matrix factorizations that preserve the network structure. Our entire algorithm takes minutes to compress BERT, and less than three hours to compress models with 7B parameters using a single GPU. Using only several hundred data examples, STAT preserves the output of the network and improves upon existing gradient-free pruning methods. It is even competitive with methods that include significant fine-tuning. We demonstrate our method on both encoder and decoder architectures, including BERT, DistilBERT, and Llama-2 using benchmarks such as GLUE, Squad, WikiText2.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.

Builds on

47 of 78 references.

References · 47

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  3. 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
  4. 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,243
  5. 2020MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 1,414
  6. 2019TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understandingcited by 1,153
  7. 2023SparseGPT: Massive Language Models Can Be Accurately Pruned in One-Shotcited by 1,090
  8. 2019Analyzing Multi-Head Self-Attention: Specialized Heads Do the Heavy Lifting, the Rest Can Be Prunedcited by 844
  9. 2019Are Sixteen Heads Really Better than One?cited by 803
  10. 2023A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Modelscited by 776
  11. 2017Channel Pruning for Accelerating Very Deep Neural Networkscited by 697
  12. 2020Up or Down? Adaptive Rounding for Post-Training Quantizationcited by 600
35 more
  1. 2019Patient Knowledge Distillation for BERT Model Compressioncited by 502
  2. 2019The State of Sparsity in Deep Neural Networkscited by 471
  3. 2019Reducing Transformer Depth on Demand with Structured Dropoutcited by 434
  4. 2023OmniQuant: Omnidirectionally Calibrated Quantization for Large Language Modelscited by 403
  5. 2020Movement Pruning: Adaptive Sparsity by Fine-Tuningcited by 398
  6. 2023QuIP: 2-Bit Quantization of Large Language Models With Guaranteescited by 397
  7. 2024SliceGPT: Compress Large Language Models by Deleting Rows and Columnscited by 378
  8. 2019Q-BERT: Hessian Based Ultra Low Precision Quantization of BERTcited by 355
  9. 2019Q8BERT: Quantized 8Bit BERTcited by 296
  10. 2021I-BERT: Integer-only BERT Quantizationcited by 250
  11. 2020DynaBERT: Dynamic BERT with Adaptive Width and Depthcited by 246
  12. 2024Extreme Compression of Large Language Models via Additive Quantizationcited by 223
  13. 2019Structured Pruning of Large Language Modelscited by 201
  14. 2021Does Knowledge Distillation Really Work?cited by 187
  15. 2021Block Pruning For Faster Transformerscited by 176
  16. 2022Structured Pruning Learns Compact and Accurate Modelscited by 167
  17. 2022A Fast Post-Training Pruning Framework for Transformerscited by 161
  18. 2020On the Effect of Dropping Layers of Pre-trained Transformer Modelscited by 118
  19. 2022The Optimal BERT Surgeon: Scalable and Accurate Second-Order Pruning for Large Language Modelscited by 115
  20. 2015Data-free parameter pruning for Deep Neural Networkscited by 112
  21. 2020GOBO: Quantizing Attention-Based NLP Models for Low Latency and Energy Efficient Inferencecited by 103
  22. 2020Improving Post Training Neural Quantization: Layer-wise Calibration and Integer Programmingcited by 89
  23. 2020Efficient Transformer-based Large Scale Language Representations using Hardware-friendly Block Structured Pruningcited by 39
  24. 2023The LLM Surgeoncited by 36
  25. 2019Data-Independent Neural Pruning via Coresetscited by 35
  26. 2022SPDY: Accurate Pruning with Speedup Guaranteescited by 34
  27. 2020Accelerating Sparse DNN Models without Hardware-Support via Tile-Wise Sparsitycited by 30
  28. 2020Neuron Merging: Compensating for Pruned Neuronscited by 24
  29. 2020Pruning Redundant Mappings in Transformer Models via Spectral-Normalized Identity Priorcited by 23
  30. 2021Post-training deep neural network pruning via layer-wise calibrationcited by 23
  31. 2021RED++ : Data-Free Pruning of Deep Neural Networks via Input Splitting and Output Mergingcited by 19
  32. 2021ROSITA: Refined BERT cOmpreSsion with InTegrAted techniquescited by 14
  33. 2021Layer-wise Pruning of Transformer Attention Heads for Efficient Language Modelingcited by 14
  34. 2021Model Preserving Compression for Neural Networkscited by 9
  35. 2021Pruning Attention Heads of Transformer Models Using A* Search: A Novel Approach to Compress Big NLP Architecturescited by 6

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

2 papers.