Large Language Models Cannot Explain Themselves
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models can be prompted to produce text. They can also be prompted to produce "explanations" of their output. But these are not really explanations, because they do not accurately reflect the mechanical process underlying the prediction. The illusion that they reflect the reasoning process can result in significant harms. These "explanations" can be valuable, but for promoting critical thinking rather than for understanding the model. I propose a recontextualisation of these "explanations", using the term "exoplanations" to draw attention to their exogenous nature. I discuss some implications for design and technology, such as the inclusion of appropriate guardrails and responses when models are prompted to generate explanations.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 May 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 2025Privileged Self-Access Matters for Introspection in AIcited by 22
- 2025SPEX: Scaling Feature Interaction Explanations for LLMscited by 12
- 2025Thoughts without Thinking: Reconsidering the Explanatory Value of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in LLMs through Agentic Pipelinescited by 7
- 2025State over Tokens: Characterizing the Role of Reasoning Tokenscited by 5
- 2025Measuring What LLMs Think They Do: SHAP Faithfulness and Deployability on Financial Tabular Classificationcited by 3
- 2026Protein Counterfactuals via Diffusion-Guided Latent Optimizationcited by 3
- 2025Interpreting LLMs as Credit Risk Classifiers: Do Their Feature Explanations Align with Classical ML?cited by 2
- 2025Leveraging NTPs for Efficient Hallucination Detection in VLMscited by 1
- 2025Interpretability from the Ground Up: Stakeholder-Centric Design of Automated Scoring in Educational Assessmentscited by 1
- 2026From Binary Groundedness to Support Relations: Towards a Reader-Centred Taxonomy for Comprehension of AI Outputcited by 0
- 2026From Plausible to Actionable: A Position on LLM Self-Explanationscited by 0
- 2026From Plausible to Actionable: A Position on LLM Self-Explanations17 Jul 2026
- 2026From Binary Groundedness to Support Relations: Towards a Reader-Centred Taxonomy for Comprehension of AI Output9 Apr 2026
- 2026Protein Counterfactuals via Diffusion-Guided Latent Optimization11 Mar 2026
- 2025State over Tokens: Characterizing the Role of Reasoning Tokens14 Dec 2025
- 2025Measuring What LLMs Think They Do: SHAP Faithfulness and Deployability on Financial Tabular Classification28 Nov 2025
- 2025Interpretability from the Ground Up: Stakeholder-Centric Design of Automated Scoring in Educational Assessments21 Nov 2025
- 2025Interpreting LLMs as Credit Risk Classifiers: Do Their Feature Explanations Align with Classical ML?29 Oct 2025
- 2025Leveraging NTPs for Efficient Hallucination Detection in VLMs20 Sep 2025
- 2025Privileged Self-Access Matters for Introspection in AI20 Aug 2025
- 2025Thoughts without Thinking: Reconsidering the Explanatory Value of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in LLMs through Agentic Pipelines1 May 2025
- 2025SPEX: Scaling Feature Interaction Explanations for LLMs19 Feb 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Explainability of Large Language Models: Opportunities and Challenges toward Generating Trustworthy Explanations
- 2026What LLMs explain is not what they believe: Evaluating explanation sufficiency under models' own input beliefs
- 2022Explanations from Large Language Models Make Small Reasoners Better
- 2025Mechanistic Indicators of Understanding in Large Language Models
- 2024Towards Uncovering How Large Language Model Works: An Explainability Perspective
- 2026Do LLM Self-Explanations Help Users Predict Model Behavior? Evaluating Counterfactual Simulatability with Pragmatic Perturbations
- 2025Towards Transparent AI: A Survey on Explainable Large Language Models
- 2024Faithfulness vs. Plausibility: On the (Un)Reliability of Explanations from Large Language Models