mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Large Language Models Cannot Explain Themselves

arXiv 2405.04382 ↗First posted 7 May 2024cs.HCcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models can be prompted to produce text. They can also be prompted to produce "explanations" of their output. But these are not really explanations, because they do not accurately reflect the mechanical process underlying the prediction. The illusion that they reflect the reasoning process can result in significant harms. These "explanations" can be valuable, but for promoting critical thinking rather than for understanding the model. I propose a recontextualisation of these "explanations", using the term "exoplanations" to draw attention to their exogenous nature. I discuss some implications for design and technology, such as the inclusion of appropriate guardrails and responses when models are prompted to generate explanations.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 May 2024.

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2025Explainability of Large Language Models: Opportunities and Challenges toward Generating Trustworthy Explanations
  2. 2026What LLMs explain is not what they believe: Evaluating explanation sufficiency under models' own input beliefs
  3. 2022Explanations from Large Language Models Make Small Reasoners Better
  4. 2025Mechanistic Indicators of Understanding in Large Language Models
  5. 2024Towards Uncovering How Large Language Model Works: An Explainability Perspective
  6. 2026Do LLM Self-Explanations Help Users Predict Model Behavior? Evaluating Counterfactual Simulatability with Pragmatic Perturbations
  7. 2025Towards Transparent AI: A Survey on Explainable Large Language Models
  8. 2024Faithfulness vs. Plausibility: On the (Un)Reliability of Explanations from Large Language Models