Auto-Formula: Recommend Formulas in Spreadsheets using Contrastive Learning for Table Representations
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Abstract (arXiv)
Spreadsheets are widely recognized as the most popular end-user programming tools, which blend the power of formula-based computation, with an intuitive table-based interface. Today, spreadsheets are used by billions of users to manipulate tables, most of whom are neither database experts nor professional programmers. Despite the success of spreadsheets, authoring complex formulas remains challenging, as non-technical users need to look up and understand non-trivial formula syntax. To address this pain point, we leverage the observation that there is often an abundance of similar-looking spreadsheets in the same organization, which not only have similar data, but also share similar computation logic encoded as formulas. We develop an Auto-Formula system that can accurately predict formulas that users want to author in a target spreadsheet cell, by learning and adapting formulas that already exist in similar spreadsheets, using contrastive-learning techniques inspired by "similar-face recognition" from compute vision. Extensive evaluations on over 2K test formulas extracted from real enterprise spreadsheets show the effectiveness of Auto-Formula over alternatives. Our benchmark data is available at https://github.com/microsoft/Auto-Formula to facilitate future research.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2024.
Builds on
21 of 67 references.
References · 21
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9 more
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 9.
12 papers.
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- 2024SpreadsheetLLM: Encoding Spreadsheets for Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2025MMTU: A Massive Multi-Task Table Understanding and Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 13
- 2024Automatic Database Configuration Debugging using Retrieval-Augmented Language Modelscited by 12
- 2025Finch: Benchmarking Finance & Accounting across Spreadsheet-Centric Enterprise Workflowscited by 9
- 2025General Table Question Answering via Answer-Formula Joint Generationcited by 7
- 2025Interactive Data Harmonization with LLM Agents: Opportunities and Challengescited by 3
- 2025Empowering Tabular Data Preparation with Language Models: Why and How?cited by 3
- 2025Tabularis Formatus: Predictive Formatting for Tablescited by 0
- 2025Finch: Benchmarking Finance & Accounting across Spreadsheet-Centric Enterprise Workflows15 Dec 2025
- 2025BookRAG: A Hierarchical Structure-aware Index-based Approach for Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Complex Documents3 Dec 2025
- 2025Tabularis Formatus: Predictive Formatting for Tables14 Aug 2025
- 2025Empowering Tabular Data Preparation with Language Models: Why and How?3 Aug 2025
- 2025MMTU: A Massive Multi-Task Table Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark5 Jun 2025
- 2025General Table Question Answering via Answer-Formula Joint Generation16 Mar 2025
- 2025In-depth Analysis of Graph-based RAG in a Unified Framework6 Mar 2025
- 2025ArchRAG: Attributed Community-based Hierarchical Retrieval-Augmented Generation14 Feb 2025
- 2025Interactive Data Harmonization with LLM Agents: Opportunities and Challenges10 Feb 2025
- 2024Automatic Database Configuration Debugging using Retrieval-Augmented Language Models10 Dec 2024
- 2024SpreadsheetLLM: Encoding Spreadsheets for Large Language Models12 Jul 2024
- 2024SpreadsheetBench: Towards Challenging Real World Spreadsheet Manipulation21 Jun 2024