DyKnow: Dynamically Verifying Time-Sensitive Factual Knowledge in LLMs
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Abstract (arXiv)
LLMs acquire knowledge from massive data snapshots collected at different timestamps. Their knowledge is then commonly evaluated using static benchmarks. However, factual knowledge is generally subject to time-sensitive changes, and static benchmarks cannot address those cases. We present an approach to dynamically evaluate the knowledge in LLMs and their time-sensitiveness against Wikidata, a publicly available up-to-date knowledge graph. We evaluate the time-sensitive knowledge in twenty-four private and open-source LLMs, as well as the effectiveness of four editing methods in updating the outdated facts. Our results show that 1) outdatedness is a critical problem across state-of-the-art LLMs; 2) LLMs output inconsistent answers when prompted with slight variations of the question prompt; and 3) the performance of the state-of-the-art knowledge editing algorithms is very limited, as they can not reduce the cases of outdatedness and output inconsistency.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2024.
Builds on
29 of 42 references.
References · 29
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- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
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17 more
- 2024Dolma: an Open Corpus of Three Trillion Tokens for Language Model Pretraining Researchcited by 475
- 2022Memory-Based Model Editing at Scalecited by 443
- 2023Editing Large Language Models: Problems, Methods, and Opportunitiescited by 367
- 2021Time-Aware Language Models as Temporal Knowledge Basescited by 290
- 2023Can We Edit Factual Knowledge by In-Context Learning?cited by 284
- 2022RealTime QA: What's the Answer Right Now?cited by 239
- 2023Evaluating the Ripple Effects of Knowledge Editing in Language Modelscited by 238
- 2023Does Localization Inform Editing? Surprising Differences in Causality-Based Localization vs. Knowledge Editing in Language Modelscited by 237
- 2023Head-to-Tail: How Knowledgeable are Large Language Models (LLMs)? A.K.A. Will LLMs Replace Knowledge Graphs?cited by 167
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- 2022TemporalWiki: A Lifelong Benchmark for Training and Evaluating Ever-Evolving Language Modelscited by 117
- 2023Crawling the Internal Knowledge-Base of Language Modelscited by 85
- 2024Calibrating Large Language Models with Sample Consistencycited by 72
- 2023ALCUNA: Large Language Models Meet New Knowledgecited by 35
- 2023A Survey on Knowledge Editing of Neural Networkscited by 34
- 2023Emptying the Ocean with a Spoon: Should We Edit Models?cited by 27
- 2023TempTabQA: Temporal Question Answering for Semi-Structured Tablescited by 27
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 7.
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- 2025Knowledge Updating? No More Model Editing! Just Selective Contextual Reasoningcited by 15
- 2025LLMs as Repositories of Factual Knowledge: Limitations and Solutionscited by 10
- 2025Training an LLM-as-a-Judge Model: Pipeline, Insights, and Practical Lessonscited by 9
- 2025G-reasoner: Foundation Models for Unified Reasoning over Graph-structured Knowledgecited by 9
- 2025Rescuing the Unpoisoned: Efficient Defense against Knowledge Corruption Attacks on RAG Systemscited by 9
- 2025MINED: Probing and Updating with Multimodal Time-Sensitive Knowledge for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 7
- 2025When Large Multimodal Models Confront Evolving Knowledge: Challenges and Explorationscited by 6
- 2025Beyond Correctness: Rewarding Faithful Reasoning in Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 6
- 2025From Sufficiency to Reflection: Reinforcement-Guided Thinking Quality in Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning for LLMscited by 5
- 2025LLMLagBench: Identifying Temporal Training Boundaries in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026What Does Loss Optimization Actually Teach, If Anything? Knowledge Dynamics in Continual Pre-training of LLMscited by 3
- 2025TiMoE: Time-Aware Mixture of Language Expertscited by 2
11 more
- 2025An Agile Method for Implementing Retrieval Augmented Generation Tools in Industrial SMEscited by 2
- 2026Large Language Models Lack Temporal Awareness of Medical Knowledgecited by 2
- 2025Factual Knowledge in Language Models: Robustness and Anomalies under Simple Temporal Context Variationscited by 1
- 2025ExplicitLM: Decoupling Knowledge from Parameters via Explicit Memory Bankscited by 1
- 2025Benchmarking and Rethinking Knowledge Editing for Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025Harnessing Temporal Databases for Systematic Evaluation of Factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Frame-Guided Synthetic Claim Generation for Automatic Fact-Checking Using High-Volume Tabular Datacited by 0
- 2026V-DyKnow: A Dynamic Benchmark for Time-Sensitive Knowledge in Vision Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Dense Clinical Contrasts Enhance Medical Knowledge Updating in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026SWORD: Wikidata-based Distortions Reveal Hidden Cross-Lingual Inconsistencies in LLM Factual Error Rejectioncited by 0
- 2026Identifying Temporal Features within Transcoders for Time Sensitive Factual Recallcited by 0
- 2026Identifying Temporal Features within Transcoders for Time Sensitive Factual Recall27 Sep 2026
- 2026SWORD: Wikidata-based Distortions Reveal Hidden Cross-Lingual Inconsistencies in LLM Factual Error Rejection8 Sep 2026
- 2026Dense Clinical Contrasts Enhance Medical Knowledge Updating in Large Language Models31 Aug 2026
- 2026Large Language Models Lack Temporal Awareness of Medical Knowledge13 May 2026
- 2026V-DyKnow: A Dynamic Benchmark for Time-Sensitive Knowledge in Vision Language Models17 Mar 2026
- 2026Frame-Guided Synthetic Claim Generation for Automatic Fact-Checking Using High-Volume Tabular Data23 Jan 2026
- 2026What Does Loss Optimization Actually Teach, If Anything? Knowledge Dynamics in Continual Pre-training of LLMs7 Jan 2026
- 2025LLMLagBench: Identifying Temporal Training Boundaries in Large Language Models15 Nov 2025
- 2025ExplicitLM: Decoupling Knowledge from Parameters via Explicit Memory Banks3 Nov 2025
- 2025Rescuing the Unpoisoned: Efficient Defense against Knowledge Corruption Attacks on RAG Systems3 Nov 2025
- 2025MINED: Probing and Updating with Multimodal Time-Sensitive Knowledge for Large Multimodal Models22 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond Correctness: Rewarding Faithful Reasoning in Retrieval-Augmented Generation15 Oct 2025
11 more
- 2025G-reasoner: Foundation Models for Unified Reasoning over Graph-structured Knowledge29 Sep 2025
- 2025An Agile Method for Implementing Retrieval Augmented Generation Tools in Industrial SMEs28 Aug 2025
- 2025TiMoE: Time-Aware Mixture of Language Experts12 Aug 2025
- 2025Harnessing Temporal Databases for Systematic Evaluation of Factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering in Large Language Models4 Aug 2025
- 2025From Sufficiency to Reflection: Reinforcement-Guided Thinking Quality in Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning for LLMs30 Jul 2025
- 2025When Large Multimodal Models Confront Evolving Knowledge: Challenges and Explorations30 May 2025
- 2025Benchmarking and Rethinking Knowledge Editing for Large Language Models24 May 2025
- 2025Knowledge Updating? No More Model Editing! Just Selective Contextual Reasoning7 Mar 2025
- 2025Training an LLM-as-a-Judge Model: Pipeline, Insights, and Practical Lessons5 Feb 2025
- 2025Factual Knowledge in Language Models: Robustness and Anomalies under Simple Temporal Context Variations3 Feb 2025
- 2025LLMs as Repositories of Factual Knowledge: Limitations and Solutions22 Jan 2025
- 2025Knowledge Updating? No More Model Editing! Just Selective Contextual Reasoningcited by 15
- 2025Training an LLM-as-a-Judge Model: Pipeline, Insights, and Practical Lessonscited by 9
- 2025G-reasoner: Foundation Models for Unified Reasoning over Graph-structured Knowledgecited by 9
- 2025Beyond Correctness: Rewarding Faithful Reasoning in Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 6
- 2025From Sufficiency to Reflection: Reinforcement-Guided Thinking Quality in Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning for LLMscited by 5
- 2025Benchmarking and Rethinking Knowledge Editing for Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025Beyond Correctness: Rewarding Faithful Reasoning in Retrieval-Augmented Generation15 Oct 2025
- 2025G-reasoner: Foundation Models for Unified Reasoning over Graph-structured Knowledge29 Sep 2025
- 2025From Sufficiency to Reflection: Reinforcement-Guided Thinking Quality in Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning for LLMs30 Jul 2025
- 2025Benchmarking and Rethinking Knowledge Editing for Large Language Models24 May 2025
- 2025Knowledge Updating? No More Model Editing! Just Selective Contextual Reasoning7 Mar 2025
- 2025Training an LLM-as-a-Judge Model: Pipeline, Insights, and Practical Lessons5 Feb 2025
- 2025MINED: Probing and Updating with Multimodal Time-Sensitive Knowledge for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 7
- 2025When Large Multimodal Models Confront Evolving Knowledge: Challenges and Explorationscited by 6
- 2026V-DyKnow: A Dynamic Benchmark for Time-Sensitive Knowledge in Vision Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026V-DyKnow: A Dynamic Benchmark for Time-Sensitive Knowledge in Vision Language Models17 Mar 2026
- 2025MINED: Probing and Updating with Multimodal Time-Sensitive Knowledge for Large Multimodal Models22 Oct 2025
- 2025When Large Multimodal Models Confront Evolving Knowledge: Challenges and Explorations30 May 2025
- 2025LLMs as Repositories of Factual Knowledge: Limitations and Solutionscited by 10
- 2025LLMLagBench: Identifying Temporal Training Boundaries in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026What Does Loss Optimization Actually Teach, If Anything? Knowledge Dynamics in Continual Pre-training of LLMscited by 3
- 2025TiMoE: Time-Aware Mixture of Language Expertscited by 2
- 2026Large Language Models Lack Temporal Awareness of Medical Knowledgecited by 2
- 2025Factual Knowledge in Language Models: Robustness and Anomalies under Simple Temporal Context Variationscited by 1
- 2025ExplicitLM: Decoupling Knowledge from Parameters via Explicit Memory Bankscited by 1
- 2025Harnessing Temporal Databases for Systematic Evaluation of Factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Frame-Guided Synthetic Claim Generation for Automatic Fact-Checking Using High-Volume Tabular Datacited by 0
- 2026Dense Clinical Contrasts Enhance Medical Knowledge Updating in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026SWORD: Wikidata-based Distortions Reveal Hidden Cross-Lingual Inconsistencies in LLM Factual Error Rejectioncited by 0
- 2026Identifying Temporal Features within Transcoders for Time Sensitive Factual Recallcited by 0
- 2026Identifying Temporal Features within Transcoders for Time Sensitive Factual Recall27 Sep 2026
- 2026SWORD: Wikidata-based Distortions Reveal Hidden Cross-Lingual Inconsistencies in LLM Factual Error Rejection8 Sep 2026
- 2026Dense Clinical Contrasts Enhance Medical Knowledge Updating in Large Language Models31 Aug 2026
- 2026Large Language Models Lack Temporal Awareness of Medical Knowledge13 May 2026
- 2026Frame-Guided Synthetic Claim Generation for Automatic Fact-Checking Using High-Volume Tabular Data23 Jan 2026
- 2026What Does Loss Optimization Actually Teach, If Anything? Knowledge Dynamics in Continual Pre-training of LLMs7 Jan 2026
- 2025LLMLagBench: Identifying Temporal Training Boundaries in Large Language Models15 Nov 2025
- 2025ExplicitLM: Decoupling Knowledge from Parameters via Explicit Memory Banks3 Nov 2025
- 2025TiMoE: Time-Aware Mixture of Language Experts12 Aug 2025
- 2025Harnessing Temporal Databases for Systematic Evaluation of Factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering in Large Language Models4 Aug 2025
- 2025Factual Knowledge in Language Models: Robustness and Anomalies under Simple Temporal Context Variations3 Feb 2025
- 2025LLMs as Repositories of Factual Knowledge: Limitations and Solutions22 Jan 2025