ARAGOG: Advanced RAG Output Grading
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → RAG pipeline design and evaluation
Abstract (arXiv)
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is essential for integrating external knowledge into Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. While the literature on RAG is growing, it primarily focuses on systematic reviews and comparisons of new state-of-the-art (SoTA) techniques against their predecessors, with a gap in extensive experimental comparisons. This study begins to address this gap by assessing various RAG methods' impacts on retrieval precision and answer similarity. We found that Hypothetical Document Embedding (HyDE) and LLM reranking significantly enhance retrieval precision. However, Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR) and Cohere rerank did not exhibit notable advantages over a baseline Naive RAG system, and Multi-query approaches underperformed. Sentence Window Retrieval emerged as the most effective for retrieval precision, despite its variable performance on answer similarity. The study confirms the potential of the Document Summary Index as a competent retrieval approach. All resources related to this research are publicly accessible for further investigation through our GitHub repository ARAGOG (https://github.com/predlico/ARAGOG). We welcome the community to further this exploratory study in RAG systems.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in RAG pipeline design and evaluation, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 3 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2024.
Builds on
3 of 17 references.
References · 3
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2022Precise Zero-Shot Dense Retrieval without Relevance Labelscited by 508
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2025A Systematic Review of Key Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Systems: Progress, Gaps, and Future Directionscited by 30
- 2025A Survey of LLM × DATAcited by 4
- 2025Metadata-Driven Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Financial Question Answeringcited by 4
- 2025Relevance Isn't All You Need: Scaling RAG Systems With Inference-Time Compute Via Multi-Criteria Rerankingcited by 3
- 2024Multimodal Hypothetical Summary for Retrieval-based Multi-image Question Answeringcited by 1
- 2025Addressing the sustainable AI trilemma: a case study on LLM agents and RAGcited by 1
- 2026Bridging the Question-Answer Gap in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Hypothetical Prompt Embeddingscited by 1
- 2026Bridging the Question-Answer Gap in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Hypothetical Prompt Embeddings31 Jul 2026
- 2025Metadata-Driven Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Financial Question Answering28 Oct 2025
- 2025A Systematic Review of Key Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Systems: Progress, Gaps, and Future Directions25 Jul 2025
- 2025A Survey of LLM × DATA24 May 2025
- 2025Relevance Isn't All You Need: Scaling RAG Systems With Inference-Time Compute Via Multi-Criteria Reranking14 Mar 2025
- 2025Addressing the sustainable AI trilemma: a case study on LLM agents and RAG14 Jan 2025
- 2024Multimodal Hypothetical Summary for Retrieval-based Multi-image Question Answering19 Dec 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Evolution, Current Landscape and Future Directions
- 2025Retrieval Augmented Generation Evaluation in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey
- 2025Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Study of Best Practices
- 2025Test-time Corpus Feedback: From Retrieval to RAG
- 2024A Survey on Retrieval-Augmented Text Generation for Large Language Models
- 2024CoFE-RAG: A Comprehensive Full-chain Evaluation Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Enhanced Data Diversity
- 2025When Retrieval Succeeds and Fails: Rethinking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for LLMs
- 2024Improving Retrieval for RAG based Question Answering Models on Financial Documents