mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Exploring the Capabilities and Limitations of Large Language Models in the Electric Energy Sector

arXiv 2403.09125 ↗First posted 14 Mar 2024eess.SY cs.SYcited by 30

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) as chatbots have drawn remarkable attention thanks to their versatile capability in natural language processing as well as in a wide range of tasks. While there has been great enthusiasm towards adopting such foundational model-based artificial intelligence tools in all sectors possible, the capabilities and limitations of such LLMs in improving the operation of the electric energy sector need to be explored, and this article identifies fruitful directions in this regard. Key future research directions include data collection systems for fine-tuning LLMs, embedding power system-specific tools in the LLMs, and retrieval augmented generation (RAG)-based knowledge pool to improve the quality of LLM responses and LLMs in safety-critical use cases.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2024.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 12; 2025: 11; 2026: 7.

30 papers.

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  1. 2024Foundation Models for the Electric Power Gridcited by 28
  2. 2024ControlAgent: Automating Control System Design via Novel Integration of LLM Agents and Domain Expertisecited by 21
  3. 2024Enhancing LLMs for Power System Simulations: A Feedback-driven Multi-agent Frameworkcited by 17
  4. 2024EEE-Bench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Electrical And Electronics Engineering Benchmarkcited by 15
  5. 2024A Review of Safe Reinforcement Learning Methods for Modern Power Systemscited by 11
  6. 2025X-GridAgent: An LLM-Powered Agentic AI System for Assisting Power Grid Analysiscited by 10
  7. 2024RL2: Reinforce Large Language Model to Assist Safe Reinforcement Learning for Energy Management of Active Distribution Networkscited by 9
  8. 2025Agentic AI Home Energy Management System: A Large Language Model Framework for Residential Load Schedulingcited by 8
  9. 2024Enabling Large Language Models to Perform Power System Simulations with Previously Unseen Tools: A Case of Dalinecited by 7
  10. 2025Large Language Model Powered Automated Modeling and Optimization of Active Distribution Network Dispatch Problemscited by 7
  11. 2024Building a Domain-specific Guardrail Model in Productioncited by 6
  12. 2025Large Language Model Interface for Home Energy Management Systemscited by 6
18 more
  1. 2024Unlearning Climate Misinformation in Large Language Modelscited by 4
  2. 2025Large Language Model-Empowered Interactive Load Forecastingcited by 2
  3. 2024Supporting Energy Policy Research with Large Language Modelscited by 1
  4. 2024Natural Language Interaction with a Household Electricity Knowledge-based Digital Twincited by 1
  5. 2025LA-RCS: LLM-Agent-Based Robot Control Systemcited by 1
  6. 2025Can AI Make Energy Retrofit Decisions? An Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1
  7. 2025WindFM: An Open-Source Foundation Model for Zero-Shot Wind Power Forecastingcited by 1
  8. 2026Two-Stage Active Distribution Network Voltage Control via LLM-RL Collaboration: A Hybrid Knowledge-Data-Driven Approachcited by 1
  9. 2026Knowledge boundary probing and demand-guided intervention for LLM-based power system code generationcited by 1
  10. 2024Enhanced physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for high-order power grid dynamicscited by 0
  11. 2025Large Language Model as An Operator: An Experience-Driven Solution for Distribution Network Voltage Controlcited by 0
  12. 2025One Request, Multiple Experts: LLM Orchestrates Domain Specific Models via Adaptive Task Routingcited by 0
  13. 2025TimeSeries2Report prompting enables adaptive large language model management of lithium-ion batteriescited by 0
  14. 2026Empowering All-in-Loop Health Management of Spacecraft Power System in the Mega-Constellation Era via Human-AI Collaborationcited by 0
  15. 2026See2Refine: Vision-Language Feedback Improves LLM-Based eHMI Action Designerscited by 0
  16. 2026When Agents Meet Electric Bus Fleet Operations: Pricing Behavior, Trade-offs, and Policy Implications in an Aggregator Frameworkcited by 0
  17. 2026A Multimodal Dataset for Large Language Model Applications in the Energy Domaincited by 0
  18. 2026LLMs and Agentic AI Systems for Smart Grids: A Tutorial on Architectures and Applicationscited by 0

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  1. 2025From Transformers to Large Language Models: A systematic review of AI applications in the energy sector towards Agentic Digital Twins
  2. 2025ElectriQ: A Benchmark for Assessing the Response Capability of Large Language Models in Power Marketing
  3. 2023Opportunities and Challenges of Applying Large Language Models in Building Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization Studies: An Exploratory Overview
  4. 2025RE-LLM: Integrating Large Language Models into Renewable Energy Systems
  5. 2024A Survey of Transformer-based Language Models with Focus on Efficiency
  6. 2025Context-aware LLM-based AI Agents for Human-centered Energy Management Systems in Smart Buildings
  7. 2024ElecBench: a Power Dispatch Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models
  8. 2026Can Large Language Models Reason and Optimize Under Constraints?