Word Order and World Knowledge
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Abstract (arXiv)
Word order is an important concept in natural language, and in this work, we study how word order affects the induction of world knowledge from raw text using language models. We use word analogies to probe for such knowledge. Specifically, in addition to the natural word order, we first respectively extract texts of six fixed word orders from five languages and then pretrain the language models on these texts. Finally, we analyze the experimental results of the fixed word orders on word analogies and show that i) certain fixed word orders consistently outperform or underperform others, though the specifics vary across languages, and ii) the Wov2Lex hypothesis is not hold in pre-trained language models, and the natural word order typically yields mediocre results. The source code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/lshowway/probing_by_analogy.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2024.
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8 of 21 references.
References · 8
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,854
- 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,346
- 2016Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Informationcited by 1,578
- 2021Masked Language Modeling and the Distributional Hypothesis: Order Word Matters Pre-training for Littlecited by 176
- 2022Word Order Does Matter (And Shuffled Language Models Know It)cited by 32
- 2022Crosslinguistic word order variation reflects evolutionary pressures of dependency and information localitycited by 10
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