Bootstrapping Cognitive Agents with a Large Language Model
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models contain noisy general knowledge of the world, yet are hard to train or fine-tune. On the other hand cognitive architectures have excellent interpretability and are flexible to update but require a lot of manual work to instantiate. In this work, we combine the best of both worlds: bootstrapping a cognitive-based model with the noisy knowledge encoded in large language models. Through an embodied agent doing kitchen tasks, we show that our proposed framework yields better efficiency compared to an agent based entirely on large language models. Our experiments indicate that large language models are a good source of information for cognitive architectures, and the cognitive architecture in turn can verify and update the knowledge of large language models to a specific domain.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 21 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2024.
Builds on
21 of 43 references.
References · 21
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
- 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,037
- 2022Code as Policies: Language Model Programs for Embodied Controlcited by 1,172
- 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
- 2017AI2-THOR: An Interactive 3D Environment for Visual AIcited by 850
- 2023Large Language Modelscited by 774
- 2023Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 743
- 2018On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agentscited by 526
- 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 496
- 2023ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilitiescited by 296
- 2023Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memorycited by 288
9 more
- 2022Language Models of Code are Few-Shot Commonsense Learnerscited by 160
- 2023Language Models Meet World Models: Embodied Experiences Enhance Language Modelscited by 123
- 2023Towards A Unified Agent with Foundation Modelscited by 46
- 2023GPT4Vis: What Can GPT-4 Do for Zero-shot Visual Recognition?cited by 33
- 2022A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2023AmadeusGPT: a natural language interface for interactive animal behavioral analysiscited by 12
- 2023Towards Modeling and Influencing the Dynamics of Human Learningcited by 11
- 2022Integrating Diverse Knowledge Sources for Online One-shot Learning of Novel Taskscited by 6
- 2023Embodied Executable Policy Learning with Language-based Scene Summarizationcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 7.
9 papers.
- 2024Large Language Models and Cognitive Science: A Comprehensive Review of Similarities, Differences, and Challengescited by 48
- 2025From Language to Action: A Review of Large Language Models as Autonomous Agents and Tool Userscited by 32
- 2025PoE-World: Compositional World Modeling with Products of Programmatic Expertscited by 25
- 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Taskscited by 16
- 2025Modeling Others' Minds as Codecited by 6
- 2025Games Agents Play: Towards Transactional Analysis in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systemscited by 3
- 2025Sample-Efficient Behavior Cloning Using General Domain Knowledgecited by 2
- 2025Applying Cognitive Design Patterns to General LLM Agentscited by 1
- 2025AutoContext: Instance-Level Context Learning for LLM Agentscited by 1
- 2025AutoContext: Instance-Level Context Learning for LLM Agents29 Sep 2025
- 2025Modeling Others' Minds as Code29 Sep 2025
- 2025From Language to Action: A Review of Large Language Models as Autonomous Agents and Tool Users24 Aug 2025
- 2025Games Agents Play: Towards Transactional Analysis in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems28 Jul 2025
- 2025PoE-World: Compositional World Modeling with Products of Programmatic Experts16 May 2025
- 2025Applying Cognitive Design Patterns to General LLM Agents11 May 2025
- 2025Sample-Efficient Behavior Cloning Using General Domain Knowledge27 Jan 2025
- 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Tasks28 Oct 2024
- 2024Large Language Models and Cognitive Science: A Comprehensive Review of Similarities, Differences, and Challenges4 Sep 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023Exploiting Language Models as a Source of Knowledge for Cognitive Agents
- 2026Cognitive Models and AI Algorithms Provide Templates for Designing Language Agents
- 2023Plan, Eliminate, and Track -- Language Models are Good Teachers for Embodied Agents
- 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agents
- 2023Collaborating with language models for embodied reasoning
- 2026Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI): Architectures, Taxonomies, and Evaluation of Large Language Model Agents
- 2026From Language to Action: Can LLM-Based Agents Be Used for Embodied Robot Cognition?
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey