TV-TREES: Multimodal Entailment Trees for Neuro-Symbolic Video Reasoning
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
It is challenging for models to understand complex, multimodal content such as television clips, and this is in part because video-language models often rely on single-modality reasoning and lack interpretability. To combat these issues we propose TV-TREES, the first multimodal entailment tree generator. TV-TREES serves as an approach to video understanding that promotes interpretable joint-modality reasoning by searching for trees of entailment relationships between simple text-video evidence and higher-level conclusions that prove question-answer pairs. We also introduce the task of multimodal entailment tree generation to evaluate reasoning quality. Our method's performance on the challenging TVQA benchmark demonstrates interpretable, state-of-the-art zero-shot performance on full clips, illustrating that multimodal entailment tree generation can be a best-of-both-worlds alternative to black-box systems.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 21 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Feb 2024.
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21 of 53 references.
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Other references · 20
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2017A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inferencecited by 2,665
- 2015A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inferencecited by 1,837
- 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,591
- 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,086
- 2018TVQA: Localized, Compositional Video Question Answeringcited by 463
- 2020HERO: Hierarchical Encoder for Video+Language Omni-representation Pre-trainingcited by 362
- 2020Evaluation of Text Generation: A Surveycited by 275
- 2019Visual Entailment: A Novel Task for Fine-Grained Image Understandingcited by 250
- 2023Self-Chained Image-Language Model for Video Localization and Question Answeringcited by 200
- 2019TVQA+: Spatio-Temporal Grounding for Video Question Answeringcited by 153
- 2022Video Question Answering: Datasets, Algorithms and Challengescited by 84
8 more
- 2021Understanding by Understanding Not: Modeling Negation in Language Modelscited by 73
- 2020e-SNLI-VE: Corrected Visual-Textual Entailment with Natural Language Explanationscited by 30
- 2021Distilled Dual-Encoder Model for Vision-Language Understandingcited by 21
- 2024Enhancing Systematic Decompositional Natural Language Inference Using Informal Logiccited by 12
- 2019Multimodal Logical Inference System for Visual-Textual Entailmentcited by 11
- 2020Don't Explain without Verifying Veracity: An Evaluation of Explainable AI with Video Activity Recognitioncited by 11
- 2023Dissecting Multimodality in VideoQA Transformer Models by Impairing Modality Fusioncited by 8
- 2019Explainable Deep Learning for Video Recognition Tasks: A Framework & Recommendationscited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
12 papers.
- 2024VideoTree: Adaptive Tree-based Video Representation for LLM Reasoning on Long Videoscited by 242
- 2024Explainable and Interpretable Multimodal Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 52
- 2025Neuro-Symbolic AI in 2024: A Systematic Reviewcited by 36
- 2025Commonsense Video Question Answering through Video-Grounded Entailment Tree Reasoningcited by 11
- 2024Natural Language Inference Improves Compositionality in Vision-Language Modelscited by 8
- 2025LVC: A Lightweight Compression Framework for Enhancing VLMs in Long Video Understandingcited by 6
- 2025A Study on Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Healthcare Perspectivescited by 5
- 2024Gaps or Hallucinations? Gazing into Machine-Generated Legal Analysis for Fine-grained Text Evaluationscited by 4
- 2025MDSEval: A Meta-Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Dialogue Summarizationcited by 3
- 2026MMViR: A Multi-Modal and Multi-Granularity Representation for Long-range Video Understandingcited by 2
- 2025Bonsai: Interpretable Tree-Adaptive Grounded Reasoningcited by 1
- 2025VideoForest: Person-Anchored Hierarchical Reasoning for Cross-Video Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026MMViR: A Multi-Modal and Multi-Granularity Representation for Long-range Video Understanding9 Jan 2026
- 2025MDSEval: A Meta-Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Dialogue Summarization2 Oct 2025
- 2025VideoForest: Person-Anchored Hierarchical Reasoning for Cross-Video Question Answering5 Aug 2025
- 2025LVC: A Lightweight Compression Framework for Enhancing VLMs in Long Video Understanding9 Apr 2025
- 2025Bonsai: Interpretable Tree-Adaptive Grounded Reasoning4 Apr 2025
- 2025A Study on Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Healthcare Perspectives23 Mar 2025
- 2025Neuro-Symbolic AI in 2024: A Systematic Review9 Jan 2025
- 2025Commonsense Video Question Answering through Video-Grounded Entailment Tree Reasoning9 Jan 2025
- 2024Explainable and Interpretable Multimodal Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey3 Dec 2024
- 2024Natural Language Inference Improves Compositionality in Vision-Language Models29 Oct 2024
- 2024Gaps or Hallucinations? Gazing into Machine-Generated Legal Analysis for Fine-grained Text Evaluations16 Sep 2024
- 2024VideoTree: Adaptive Tree-based Video Representation for LLM Reasoning on Long Videos29 May 2024
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