Loss-Free Machine Unlearning
On the map: LLM safety and security → Machine unlearning
Abstract (arXiv)
We present a machine unlearning approach that is both retraining- and label-free. Most existing machine unlearning approaches require a model to be fine-tuned to remove information while preserving performance. This is computationally expensive and necessitates the storage of the whole dataset for the lifetime of the model. Retraining-free approaches often utilise Fisher information, which is derived from the loss and requires labelled data which may not be available. Thus, we present an extension to the Selective Synaptic Dampening algorithm, substituting the diagonal of the Fisher information matrix for the gradient of the l2 norm of the model output to approximate sensitivity. We evaluate our method in a range of experiments using ResNet18 and Vision Transformer. Results show our label-free method is competitive with existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Machine unlearning, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 8 of its 10 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Feb 2024.
Builds on
8 of 10 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Fast Machine Unlearning Without Retraining Through Selective Synaptic Dampening15 Aug
- 2023Towards Unbounded Machine Unlearning20 Feb
- 2022Can Bad Teaching Induce Forgetting? Unlearning in Deep Networks using an Incompetent Teacher17 May
- 2022Zero-Shot Machine Unlearning14 Jan
Other references · 4
- 2016Membership Inference Attacks against Machine Learning Modelscited by 2,221
- 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,094
- 2019Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Net: Selective Forgetting in Deep Networkscited by 599
- 2020Amnesiac Machine Learningcited by 305
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
12 papers.
- 2024Potion: Towards Poison Unlearningcited by 14
- 2024Forget Vectors at Play: Universal Input Perturbations Driving Machine Unlearning in Image Classificationcited by 6
- 2026RAZOR: Ratio-Aware Layer Editing for Targeted Unlearning in Vision Transformers and Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2025Exploring Incremental Unlearning: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 2
- 2024MUC: Machine Unlearning for Contrastive Learning with Black-box Evaluationcited by 1
- 2025One-Point Contraction: Erasing Representational Separability toward Irreversible Deep Forgettingcited by 1
- 2025IMU: Influence-guided Machine Unlearningcited by 1
- 2025On the importance of multiple training seeds for evaluating machine unlearningcited by 1
- 2026Efficient Unlearning through Maximizing Relearning Convergence Delaycited by 0
- 2026SUPREME: A Multi-GPU Framework for Reproducible Image Unlearning Method Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026DFMU: Data-Frugal Machine Unlearningcited by 0
- 2026Repurposing Obsolete Representations for Post-Deployment Adaptationcited by 0
- 2026Repurposing Obsolete Representations for Post-Deployment Adaptation1 Oct 2026
- 2026DFMU: Data-Frugal Machine Unlearning24 Jun 2026
- 2026SUPREME: A Multi-GPU Framework for Reproducible Image Unlearning Method Evaluation29 May 2026
- 2026Efficient Unlearning through Maximizing Relearning Convergence Delay10 Apr 2026
- 2026RAZOR: Ratio-Aware Layer Editing for Targeted Unlearning in Vision Transformers and Diffusion Models16 Mar 2026
- 2025On the importance of multiple training seeds for evaluating machine unlearning30 Oct 2025
- 2025IMU: Influence-guided Machine Unlearning3 Aug 2025
- 2025One-Point Contraction: Erasing Representational Separability toward Irreversible Deep Forgetting10 Jul 2025
- 2025Exploring Incremental Unlearning: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions23 Feb 2025
- 2024Forget Vectors at Play: Universal Input Perturbations Driving Machine Unlearning in Image Classification21 Dec 2024
- 2024Potion: Towards Poison Unlearning13 Jun 2024
- 2024MUC: Machine Unlearning for Contrastive Learning with Black-box Evaluation5 Jun 2024