Learning High-Quality and General-Purpose Phrase Representations
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Abstract (arXiv)
Phrase representations play an important role in data science and natural language processing, benefiting various tasks like Entity Alignment, Record Linkage, Fuzzy Joins, and Paraphrase Classification. The current state-of-the-art method involves fine-tuning pre-trained language models for phrasal embeddings using contrastive learning. However, we have identified areas for improvement. First, these pre-trained models tend to be unnecessarily complex and require to be pre-trained on a corpus with context sentences. Second, leveraging the phrase type and morphology gives phrase representations that are both more precise and more flexible. We propose an improved framework to learn phrase representations in a context-free fashion. The framework employs phrase type classification as an auxiliary task and incorporates character-level information more effectively into the phrase representation. Furthermore, we design three granularities of data augmentation to increase the diversity of training samples. Our experiments across a wide range of tasks show that our approach generates superior phrase embeddings compared to previous methods while requiring a smaller model size. [PEARL-small]: https://huggingface.co/Lihuchen/pearl_small; [PEARL-base]: https://huggingface.co/Lihuchen/pearl_base; [Code and Dataset]: https://github.com/tigerchen52/PEARL
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Jan 2024.
Builds on
25 of 56 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
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- 2026Reproducing FACTER: Fairness via Conformal Thresholding and Prompt Repair26 Jun 2026
- 2025FLORA: Unsupervised Knowledge Graph Alignment by Fuzzy Logic23 Oct 2025
- 2025Pub-Guard-LLM: Detecting Retracted Biomedical Articles with Reliable Explanations21 Feb 2025
- 2024What is the Role of Small Models in the LLM Era: A Survey10 Sep 2024