An Experimental Study: Assessing the Combined Framework of WavLM and BEST-RQ for Text-to-Speech Synthesis
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a new model architecture specifically suited for text-to-speech (TTS) models. We combine WavLM, a pre-trained self-supervised learning (SSL) speech model, and the BEST-RQ vector quantization framework. We assess the extent to which the more task-agnostic WavLM, coupled with the superior suitability of the simplistic BEST-RQ framework for a wider array of downstream tasks, yields favorable outcomes. Experiments on the LibriSpeech dataset with SUPERB benchmarking assert that the proposed model significantly underperforms. We speculate the underlying reason for this performance is related to the difference between featurizing raw audio waveforms and spectrograms with a quantizer. We discuss the limitations of this approach to better guide future advancements in TTS.
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References · 13
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,905
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,342
- 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,863
- 2017Decoupled Weight Decay Regularizationcited by 1,831
- 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
- 2022AudioLM: a Language Modeling Approach to Audio Generationcited by 616
- 2019Libri-Light: A Benchmark for ASR with Limited or No Supervisioncited by 467
- 2021GigaSpeech: An Evolving, Multi-domain ASR Corpus with 10,000 Hours of Transcribed Audiocited by 399
- 2018Snips Voice Platform: an embedded Spoken Language Understanding system for private-by-design voice interfacescited by 377
- 2021W2v-BERT: Combining Contrastive Learning and Masked Language Modeling for Self-Supervised Speech Pre-Trainingcited by 347
- 2023Speak, Read and Prompt: High-Fidelity Text-to-Speech with Minimal Supervisioncited by 169
- 2022Self-supervised Learning with Random-projection Quantizer for Speech Recognitioncited by 162
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- 2023SoundStorm: Efficient Parallel Audio Generationcited by 114
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- 2023QS-TTS: Towards Semi-Supervised Text-to-Speech Synthesis via Vector-Quantized Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning
- 2026WavSLM: Single-Stream Speech Language Modeling via WavLM Distillation
- 2023A Vector Quantized Approach for Text to Speech Synthesis on Real-World Spontaneous Speech
- 2024Open Implementation and Study of BEST-RQ for Speech Processing
- 2025GOAT-TTS: Expressive and Realistic Speech Generation via A Dual-Branch LLM
- 2025Llasa: Scaling Train-Time and Inference-Time Compute for Llama-based Speech Synthesis
- 2025Language Model Based Text-to-Audio Generation: Anti-Causally Aligned Collaborative Residual Transformers
- 2025Quantize More, Lose Less: Autoregressive Generation from Residually Quantized Speech Representations