Let's Get the FACS Straight -- Reconstructing Obstructed Facial Features
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The human face is one of the most crucial parts in interhuman communication. Even when parts of the face are hidden or obstructed the underlying facial movements can be understood. Machine learning approaches often fail in that regard due to the complexity of the facial structures. To alleviate this problem a common approach is to fine-tune a model for such a specific application. However, this is computational intensive and might have to be repeated for each desired analysis task. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct obstructed facial parts to avoid the task of repeated fine-tuning. As a result, existing facial analysis methods can be used without further changes with respect to the data. In our approach, the restoration of facial features is interpreted as a style transfer task between different recording setups. By using the CycleGAN architecture the requirement of matched pairs, which is often hard to fullfill, can be eliminated. To proof the viability of our approach, we compare our reconstructions with real unobstructed recordings. We created a novel data set in which 36 test subjects were recorded both with and without 62 surface electromyography sensors attached to their faces. In our evaluation, we feature typical facial analysis tasks, like the computation of Facial Action Units and the detection of emotions. To further assess the quality of the restoration, we also compare perceptional distances. We can show, that scores similar to the videos without obstructing sensors can be achieved.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Nov 2023.
Builds on
13 of 27 references.
References · 13
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,364
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,627
- 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,475
- 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,527
- 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,845
- 2013Challenges in Representation Learning: A report on three machine learning contestscited by 302
- 2016Unsupervised Cross-Domain Image Generationcited by 125
- 2020JhatAA-Net: Joint Facial Action Unit Detection and Face Alignment via Adaptive Attentioncited by 62
- 2021Lipstick ain't enough: Beyond Color Matching for In-the-Wild Makeup Transfercited by 35
- 2018An Improved Evaluation Framework for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 26
1 more
- 2019Does Generative Face Completion Help Face Recognition?cited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
3 papers.
- 2024The Power of Properties: Uncovering the Influential Factors in Emotion Classificationcited by 3
- 2024Facing Asymmetry -- Uncovering the Causal Link between Facial Symmetry and Expression Classifiers using Synthetic Interventionscited by 2
- 2025Electromyography-Informed Facial Expression Reconstruction for Physiological-Based Synthesis and Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Electromyography-Informed Facial Expression Reconstruction for Physiological-Based Synthesis and Analysis12 Mar 2025
- 2024Facing Asymmetry -- Uncovering the Causal Link between Facial Symmetry and Expression Classifiers using Synthetic Interventions24 Sep 2024
- 2024The Power of Properties: Uncovering the Influential Factors in Emotion Classification11 Apr 2024