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arXiv 2311.01468 ↗First posted 30 Oct 2023cs.CL cs.LGcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

We explore using a moderately sized large language model (GPT-J 6B parameters) to create a plan for a simulated robot to achieve 30 classes of goals in ScienceWorld, a text game simulator for elementary science experiments. Previously published empirical work claimed that large language models (LLMs) are a poor fit (Wang et al., 2022) compared to reinforcement learning. Using the Markov assumption (a single previous step), the LLM outperforms the reinforcement learning-based approach by a factor of 1.4. When we fill the LLM's input buffer with as many prior steps as possible, improvement rises to 3.5x. Even when training on only 6.5% of the training data, we observe a 2.2x improvement over the reinforcement-learning-based approach. Our experiments show that performance varies widely across the 30 classes of actions, indicating that averaging over tasks can hide significant performance issues. In work contemporaneous with ours, Lin et al. (2023) demonstrated a two-part approach (SwiftSage) that uses a small LLM (T5-large) complemented by OpenAI's massive LLMs to achieve outstanding results in ScienceWorld. Our 6-B parameter, single-stage GPT-J matches the performance of SwiftSage's two-stage architecture when it incorporates GPT-3.5 turbo which has 29-times more parameters than GPT-J.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Oct 2023.

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21 of 30 references.

References · 21

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  2. 2019BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehensioncited by 5,874
  3. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
  4. 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,243
  5. 2020The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modelingcited by 2,346
  6. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
  7. 2020Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problemscited by 1,873
  8. 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,528
  9. 2019ZeRO: Memory Optimizations Toward Training Trillion Parameter Modelscited by 1,278
  10. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,057
  11. 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
  12. 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning as One Big Sequence Modeling Problemcited by 636
9 more
  1. 2021Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Trainingcited by 561
  2. 2021ZeRO-Offload: Democratizing Billion-Scale Model Trainingcited by 339
  3. 2022ScienceWorld: Is your Agent Smarter than a 5th Grader?cited by 298
  4. 2023SwiftSage: A Generative Agent with Fast and Slow Thinking for Complex Interactive Taskscited by 166
  5. 2020Keep CALM and Explore: Language Models for Action Generation in Text-based Gamescited by 108
  6. 2015Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Natural Language Action Spacecited by 88
  7. 2021General-Purpose Question-Answering with Macawcited by 40
  8. 2021Pre-trained Language Models as Prior Knowledge for Playing Text-based Gamescited by 21
  9. 2021A Systematic Survey of Text Worlds as Embodied Natural Language Environmentscited by 17

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