Resilient Multiple Choice Learning: A learned scoring scheme with application to audio scene analysis
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Resilient Multiple Choice Learning (rMCL), an extension of the MCL approach for conditional distribution estimation in regression settings where multiple targets may be sampled for each training input. Multiple Choice Learning is a simple framework to tackle multimodal density estimation, using the Winner-Takes-All (WTA) loss for a set of hypotheses. In regression settings, the existing MCL variants focus on merging the hypotheses, thereby eventually sacrificing the diversity of the predictions. In contrast, our method relies on a novel learned scoring scheme underpinned by a mathematical framework based on Voronoi tessellations of the output space, from which we can derive a probabilistic interpretation. After empirically validating rMCL with experiments on synthetic data, we further assess its merits on the sound source localization problem, demonstrating its practical usefulness and the relevance of its interpretation.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Nov 2023.
Builds on
25 of 47 references.
References · 25
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13 more
- 2016Stochastic Multiple Choice Learning for Training Diverse Deep Ensemblescited by 77
- 2018Improving Regression Performance with Distributional Lossescited by 67
- 2021A Survey of Sound Source Localization with Deep Learning Methodscited by 46
- 2022Large Loss Matters in Weakly Supervised Multi-Label Classificationcited by 38
- 2019DMCL: Distillation Multiple Choice Learning for Multimodal Action Recognitioncited by 30
- 2017Direction of arrival estimation for multiple sound sources using convolutional recurrent neural networkcited by 27
- 2017Confident Multiple Choice Learningcited by 24
- 2019A multi-room reverberant dataset for sound event localization and detectioncited by 18
- 2021Deep Learning based Multi-Source Localization with Source Splitting and its Effectiveness in Multi-Talker Speech Recognitioncited by 14
- 2020DiverseNet: When One Right Answer is not Enoughcited by 11
- 2021PILOT: Introducing Transformers for Probabilistic Sound Event Localizationcited by 7
- 2021Exploiting Attention-based Sequence-to-Sequence Architectures for Sound Event Localizationcited by 6
- 2020DsMCL: Dual-Level Stochastic Multiple Choice Learning for Multi-Modal Trajectory Predictioncited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 5; 2025: 6.
12 papers.
- 2024Annealed Multiple Choice Learning: Overcoming limitations of Winner-takes-all with annealingcited by 12
- 2025From Samples to Scenarios: A New Paradigm for Probabilistic Forecastingcited by 10
- 2023ManiPose: Manifold-Constrained Multi-Hypothesis 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
- 2024Winner-takes-all learners are geometry-aware conditional density estimatorscited by 6
- 2025MATPAC++: Enhanced Masked Latent Prediction for Self-Supervised Audio Representation Learningcited by 6
- 2024Hierarchical Uncertainty Exploration via Feedforward Posterior Treescited by 4
- 2024CryoSPIN: Improving Ab-Initio Cryo-EM Reconstruction with Semi-Amortized Pose Inferencecited by 4
- 2025Winner-takes-all for Multivariate Probabilistic Time Series Forecastingcited by 4
- 2024Multiple Choice Learning for Efficient Speech Separation with Many Speakerscited by 3
- 2025Multiple Choice Learning of Low-Rank Adapters for Language Modelingcited by 2
- 2025Conditional Distribution Quantization in Machine Learningcited by 0
- 2025SHAMaNS: Sound Localization with Hybrid Alpha-Stable Spatial Measure and Neural Steerercited by 0
- 2025From Samples to Scenarios: A New Paradigm for Probabilistic Forecasting24 Sep 2025
- 2025MATPAC++: Enhanced Masked Latent Prediction for Self-Supervised Audio Representation Learning18 Aug 2025
- 2025Multiple Choice Learning of Low-Rank Adapters for Language Modeling14 Jul 2025
- 2025SHAMaNS: Sound Localization with Hybrid Alpha-Stable Spatial Measure and Neural Steerer23 Jun 2025
- 2025Winner-takes-all for Multivariate Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting5 Jun 2025
- 2025Conditional Distribution Quantization in Machine Learning11 Feb 2025
- 2024Multiple Choice Learning for Efficient Speech Separation with Many Speakers27 Nov 2024
- 2024Annealed Multiple Choice Learning: Overcoming limitations of Winner-takes-all with annealing22 Jul 2024
- 2024CryoSPIN: Improving Ab-Initio Cryo-EM Reconstruction with Semi-Amortized Pose Inference15 Jun 2024
- 2024Winner-takes-all learners are geometry-aware conditional density estimators7 Jun 2024
- 2024Hierarchical Uncertainty Exploration via Feedforward Posterior Trees24 May 2024
- 2023ManiPose: Manifold-Constrained Multi-Hypothesis 3D Human Pose Estimation11 Dec 2023