E-Sparse: Boosting the Large Language Model Inference through Entropy-based N:M Sparsity
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Traditional pruning methods are known to be challenging to work in Large Language Models (LLMs) for Generative AI because of their unaffordable training process and large computational demands. For the first time, we introduce the information entropy of hidden state features into a pruning metric design, namely E-Sparse, to improve the accuracy of N:M sparsity on LLM. E-Sparse employs the information richness to leverage the channel importance, and further incorporates several novel techniques to put it into effect: (1) it introduces information entropy to enhance the significance of parameter weights and input feature norms as a novel pruning metric, and performs N:M sparsity without modifying the remaining weights. (2) it designs global naive shuffle and local block shuffle to quickly optimize the information distribution and adequately cope with the impact of N:M sparsity on LLMs' accuracy. E-Sparse is implemented as a Sparse-GEMM on FasterTransformer and runs on NVIDIA Ampere GPUs. Extensive experiments on the LLaMA family and OPT models show that E-Sparse can significantly speed up the model inference over the dense model (up to 1.53X) and obtain significant memory saving (up to 43.52%), with acceptable accuracy loss.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2023.
Builds on
30 of 45 references.
References · 30
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
- 2016Pointer Sentinel Mixture Modelscited by 2,992
- 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
- 2015Deep Compression: Compressing Deep Neural Networks with Pruning, Trained Quantization and Huffman Codingcited by 2,291
- 2019HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processingcited by 2,201
- 2018Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answeringcited by 2,114
- 2015Learning both Weights and Connections for Efficient Neural Networkscited by 1,998
- 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
- 2022GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformerscited by 1,838
18 more
- 2016Pruning Filters for Efficient ConvNetscited by 1,129
- 2022LLM.int8(): 8-bit Matrix Multiplication for Transformers at Scalecited by 881
- 2017Learning Efficient Convolutional Networks through Network Slimmingcited by 673
- 2018Rethinking the Value of Network Pruningcited by 595
- 2020What is the State of Neural Network Pruning?cited by 578
- 2017Learning Sparse Neural Networks through L0 Regularizationcited by 571
- 2019The State of Sparsity in Deep Neural Networkscited by 471
- 2017ThiNet: A Filter Level Pruning Method for Deep Neural Network Compressioncited by 438
- 2023Sheared LLaMA: Accelerating Language Model Pre-training via Structured Pruningcited by 408
- 2019MetaPruning: Meta Learning for Automatic Neural Network Channel Pruningcited by 226
- 2020Retrieve, Program, Repeat: Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering via Alternate Meta-learningcited by 216
- 2021Accelerating Sparse Deep Neural Networkscited by 213
- 2021Learning N:M Fine-grained Structured Sparse Neural Networks From Scratchcited by 177
- 2020ResRep: Lossless CNN Pruning via Decoupling Remembering and Forgettingcited by 85
- 2018Balanced Sparsity for Efficient DNN Inference on GPUcited by 27
- 2021Boosting Mobile CNN Inference through Semantic Memorycited by 5
- 2023Exploiting Sparsity in Pruned Neural Networks to Optimize Large Model Trainingcited by 5
- 2020Weight-dependent Gates for Network Pruningcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.
15 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Efficient Reasoning Models: A Surveycited by 93
- 2024Model Compression and Efficient Inference for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 62
- 2024Large Language Model Inference Acceleration: A Comprehensive Hardware Perspectivecited by 36
- 2024SPP: Sparsity-Preserved Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2025Dynamic Low-Rank Sparse Adaptation for Large Language Modelscited by 10
- 2024Bypass Back-propagation: Optimization-based Structural Pruning for Large Language Models via Policy Gradientcited by 6
- 2024COMET: Towards Partical W4A4KV4 LLMs Servingcited by 6
- 2025UniQL: Unified Quantization and Low-rank Compression for Adaptive Edge LLMscited by 6
- 2025RAP: Runtime Adaptive Pruning for LLM Inferencecited by 3
- 2026A Survey on the Green Development of Large Models: From Resource-Efficient Architectures to Hardware-Software Co-Designcited by 3
- 2025Symmetric Pruning of Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Entropy-Based Block Pruning for Efficient Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026A Survey on the Green Development of Large Models: From Resource-Efficient Architectures to Hardware-Software Co-Design10 Jul 2026
- 2026RT-Lynx: Putting GEMM Sparsity in the Right Place for Diffusion Models26 May 2026
- 2025UniQL: Unified Quantization and Low-rank Compression for Adaptive Edge LLMs3 Dec 2025
- 2025TELL-TALE: Task Efficient LLMs with Task Aware Layer Elimination26 Oct 2025
- 2025Amber Pruner: Leveraging N:M Activation Sparsity for Efficient Prefill in Large Language Models4 Aug 2025
- 2025RAP: Runtime Adaptive Pruning for LLM Inference22 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Reasoning Models: A Survey15 Apr 2025
- 2025Entropy-Based Block Pruning for Efficient Large Language Models4 Apr 2025
- 2025Dynamic Low-Rank Sparse Adaptation for Large Language Models20 Feb 2025
- 2025Symmetric Pruning of Large Language Models31 Jan 2025
- 2024COMET: Towards Partical W4A4KV4 LLMs Serving16 Oct 2024
- 2024Large Language Model Inference Acceleration: A Comprehensive Hardware Perspective6 Oct 2024
3 more
- 2024Bypass Back-propagation: Optimization-based Structural Pruning for Large Language Models via Policy Gradient15 Jun 2024
- 2024SPP: Sparsity-Preserved Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models25 May 2024
- 2024Model Compression and Efficient Inference for Large Language Models: A Survey15 Feb 2024
- 2025Efficient Reasoning Models: A Surveycited by 93
- 2025Efficient Reasoning Models: A Survey15 Apr 2025
- 2024Model Compression and Efficient Inference for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 62
- 2024SPP: Sparsity-Preserved Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2025Dynamic Low-Rank Sparse Adaptation for Large Language Modelscited by 10
- 2024Bypass Back-propagation: Optimization-based Structural Pruning for Large Language Models via Policy Gradientcited by 6
- 2024COMET: Towards Partical W4A4KV4 LLMs Servingcited by 6
- 2025UniQL: Unified Quantization and Low-rank Compression for Adaptive Edge LLMscited by 6
- 2026A Survey on the Green Development of Large Models: From Resource-Efficient Architectures to Hardware-Software Co-Designcited by 3
- 2025Symmetric Pruning of Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Entropy-Based Block Pruning for Efficient Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025TELL-TALE: Task Efficient LLMs with Task Aware Layer Eliminationcited by 2
- 2025Amber Pruner: Leveraging N:M Activation Sparsity for Efficient Prefill in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026A Survey on the Green Development of Large Models: From Resource-Efficient Architectures to Hardware-Software Co-Design10 Jul 2026
- 2025UniQL: Unified Quantization and Low-rank Compression for Adaptive Edge LLMs3 Dec 2025
- 2025TELL-TALE: Task Efficient LLMs with Task Aware Layer Elimination26 Oct 2025
- 2025Amber Pruner: Leveraging N:M Activation Sparsity for Efficient Prefill in Large Language Models4 Aug 2025
- 2025Entropy-Based Block Pruning for Efficient Large Language Models4 Apr 2025
- 2025Dynamic Low-Rank Sparse Adaptation for Large Language Models20 Feb 2025
- 2025Symmetric Pruning of Large Language Models31 Jan 2025
- 2024COMET: Towards Partical W4A4KV4 LLMs Serving16 Oct 2024
- 2024Bypass Back-propagation: Optimization-based Structural Pruning for Large Language Models via Policy Gradient15 Jun 2024
- 2024SPP: Sparsity-Preserved Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models25 May 2024
- 2024Model Compression and Efficient Inference for Large Language Models: A Survey15 Feb 2024