Thoroughly Modeling Multi-domain Pre-trained Recommendation as Language

With the thriving of pre-trained language model (PLM) widely verified in various of NLP tasks, pioneer efforts attempt to explore the possible cooperation of the general textual information in PLM with the personalized behavioral information in user historical behavior sequences to enhance sequential recommendation (SR). However, despite the commonalities of input format and task goal, there are huge gaps between the behavioral and textual information, which obstruct thoroughly modeling SR as language modeling via PLM. To bridge the gap, we propose a novel Unified pre-trained language model enhanced sequential recommendation (UPSR), aiming to build a unified pre-trained recommendation model for multi-domain recommendation tasks. We formally design five key indicators, namely naturalness, domain consistency, informativeness, noise & ambiguity, and text length, to guide the text-item adaptation and behavior sequence-text sequence adaptation differently for pre-training and fine-tuning stages, which are essential but under-explored by previous works. In experiments, we conduct extensive evaluations on seven datasets with both tuning and zero-shot settings and achieve the overall best performance. Comprehensive model analyses also provide valuable insights for behavior modeling via PLM, shedding light on large pre-trained recommendation models. The source codes will be released in the future.