Routing Arena: A Benchmark Suite for Neural Routing Solvers
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Neural Combinatorial Optimization has been researched actively in the last eight years. Even though many of the proposed Machine Learning based approaches are compared on the same datasets, the evaluation protocol exhibits essential flaws and the selection of baselines often neglects State-of-the-Art Operations Research approaches. To improve on both of these shortcomings, we propose the Routing Arena, a benchmark suite for Routing Problems that provides a seamless integration of consistent evaluation and the provision of baselines and benchmarks prevalent in the Machine Learning- and Operations Research field. The proposed evaluation protocol considers the two most important evaluation cases for different applications: First, the solution quality for an a priori fixed time budget and secondly the anytime performance of the respective methods. By setting the solution trajectory in perspective to a Best Known Solution and a Base Solver's solutions trajectory, we furthermore propose the Weighted Relative Average Performance (WRAP), a novel evaluation metric that quantifies the often claimed runtime efficiency of Neural Routing Solvers. A comprehensive first experimental evaluation demonstrates that the most recent Operations Research solvers generate state-of-the-art results in terms of solution quality and runtime efficiency when it comes to the vehicle routing problem. Nevertheless, some findings highlight the advantages of neural approaches and motivate a shift in how neural solvers should be conceptualized.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2023.
Builds on
17 of 45 references.
References · 17
- 2018Attention, Learn to Solve Routing Problems!cited by 646
- 2018Machine Learning for Combinatorial Optimization: a Methodological Tour d'Horizoncited by 612
- 2016Neural Combinatorial Optimization with Reinforcement Learningcited by 600
- 2020POMO: Policy Optimization with Multiple Optima for Reinforcement Learningcited by 341
- 2018Reinforcement Learning for Solving the Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 327
- 2021Combinatorial optimization and reasoning with graph neural networkscited by 267
- 2020Hybrid Genetic Search for the CVRP: Open-Source Implementation and SWAP* Neighborhoodcited by 122
- 2019Neural Large Neighborhood Search for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 117
- 2021Learning to Delegate for Large-scale Vehicle Routingcited by 108
- 2021Learning to Iteratively Solve Routing Problems with Dual-Aspect Collaborative Transformercited by 108
- 2021NeuroLKH: Combining Deep Learning Model with Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun Heuristic for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problemcited by 102
- 2020Multi-Decoder Attention Model with Embedding Glimpse for Solving Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 100
5 more
- 2021Efficient Active Search for Combinatorial Optimization Problemscited by 99
- 2021Deep Policy Dynamic Programming for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 94
- 2022Simulation-guided Beam Search for Neural Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 84
- 2022Learning to Control Local Search for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 18
- 2022Learning to Solve Vehicle Routing Problems: A Surveycited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2024RouteFinder: Towards Foundation Models for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 54
- 2025RRNCO: Towards Real-World Routing with Neural Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 10
- 2025FrontierCO: Real-World and Large-Scale Evaluation of Machine Learning Solvers for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 10
- 2026Towards Efficient Constraint Handling in Neural Solvers for Routing Problemscited by 2
- 2024Multi-Agent Environments for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 0
- 2026Towards Efficient Constraint Handling in Neural Solvers for Routing Problems17 Feb 2026
- 2025FrontierCO: Real-World and Large-Scale Evaluation of Machine Learning Solvers for Combinatorial Optimization22 May 2025
- 2025RRNCO: Towards Real-World Routing with Neural Combinatorial Optimization20 Mar 2025
- 2024Multi-Agent Environments for Vehicle Routing Problems21 Nov 2024
- 2024RouteFinder: Towards Foundation Models for Vehicle Routing Problems21 Jun 2024