Toloka Visual Question Answering Benchmark
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present Toloka Visual Question Answering, a new crowdsourced dataset allowing comparing performance of machine learning systems against human level of expertise in the grounding visual question answering task. In this task, given an image and a textual question, one has to draw the bounding box around the object correctly responding to that question. Every image-question pair contains the response, with only one correct response per image. Our dataset contains 45,199 pairs of images and questions in English, provided with ground truth bounding boxes, split into train and two test subsets. Besides describing the dataset and releasing it under a CC BY license, we conducted a series of experiments on open source zero-shot baseline models and organized a multi-phase competition at WSDM Cup that attracted 48 participants worldwide. However, by the time of paper submission, no machine learning model outperformed the non-expert crowdsourcing baseline according to the intersection over union evaluation score.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2023.
Builds on
21 of 32 references.
References · 21
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9 more
- 2022Vision Transformer Adapter for Dense Predictionscited by 565
- 2022Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation with Mask-adapted CLIPcited by 565
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- 2022Grounding Answers for Visual Questions Asked by Visually Impaired Peoplecited by 47
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
10 papers.
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
- 2025Kwai Keye-VL 1.5 Technical Reportcited by 73
- 2025Kwai Keye-VL Technical Reportcited by 47
- 2024The Evolution of Multimodal Model Architecturescited by 21
- 2026DataComp-VLM: Improved Open Datasets for Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Comprehension of Multilingual Expressions Referring to Target Objects in Visual Inputscited by 1
- 2026From Scenes to Elements: Multi-Granularity Evidence Retrieval for Verifiable Multimodal RAGcited by 1
- 2026Retrieval Heads Meet Vision: Uncovering How VLMs Locate and Extract Visual Informationcited by 1
- 2025Challenge on Optimization of Context Collection for Code Completioncited by 0
- 2026Retrieval Heads Meet Vision: Uncovering How VLMs Locate and Extract Visual Information27 Aug 2026
- 2026DataComp-VLM: Improved Open Datasets for Vision-Language Models26 Jun 2026
- 2026From Scenes to Elements: Multi-Granularity Evidence Retrieval for Verifiable Multimodal RAG14 May 2026
- 2025Comprehension of Multilingual Expressions Referring to Target Objects in Visual Inputs14 Nov 2025
- 2025Challenge on Optimization of Context Collection for Code Completion5 Oct 2025
- 2025Kwai Keye-VL 1.5 Technical Report1 Sep 2025
- 2025Kwai Keye-VL Technical Report2 Jul 2025
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec 2024
- 2024The Evolution of Multimodal Model Architectures28 May 2024
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks21 Dec 2023