FootGPT : A Large Language Model Development Experiment on a Minimal Setting
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
With recent empirical observations, it has been argued that the most significant aspect of developing accurate language models may be the proper dataset content and training strategy compared to the number of neural parameters, training duration or dataset size. Following this argument, we opted to fine tune a one billion parameter size trained general purpose causal language model with a dataset curated on team statistics of the Italian football league first ten game weeks, using low rank adaptation. The limited training dataset was compiled based on a framework where a powerful commercial large language model provides distilled paragraphs and question answer pairs as intended. The training duration was kept relatively short to provide a basis for our minimal setting exploration. We share our key observations on the process related to developing a specific purpose language model which is intended to interpret soccer data with constrained resources in this article.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Aug 2023.
Builds on
14 of 20 references.
References · 14
- 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,418
- 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,512
- 2023The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM: Outperforming Curated Corpora with Web Data, and Web Data Onlycited by 763
- 2020Intrinsic Dimensionality Explains the Effectiveness of Language Model Fine-Tuningcited by 671
- 2022Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 596
- 2023The False Promise of Imitating Proprietary LLMscited by 263
- 2023Specializing Smaller Language Models towards Multi-Step Reasoningcited by 251
- 2023Aligning Large Language Models through Synthetic Feedbackcited by 75
- 2023An Empirical Study of Pre-Trained Model Reuse in the Hugging Face Deep Learning Model Registrycited by 47
- 2022Reasoning Like Program Executorscited by 45
- 2023Do Emergent Abilities Exist in Quantized Large Language Models: An Empirical Studycited by 43
- 2023INT2.1: Towards Fine-Tunable Quantized Large Language Models with Error Correction through Low-Rank Adaptationcited by 20
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
- 2026A Survey of Large Models in Sportscited by 0
- 2026A Survey of Large Models in Sports14 Aug 2026