mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Composable Function-preserving Expansions for Transformer Architectures

arXiv 2308.06103 ↗First posted 11 Aug 2023cs.LGcited by 11

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Training state-of-the-art neural networks requires a high cost in terms of compute and time. Model scale is recognized to be a critical factor to achieve and improve the state-of-the-art. Increasing the scale of a neural network normally requires restarting from scratch by randomly initializing all the parameters of the model, as this implies a change of architecture's parameters that does not allow for a straightforward transfer of knowledge from smaller size models. In this work, we propose six composable transformations to incrementally increase the size of transformer-based neural networks while preserving functionality, allowing to expand the capacity of the model as needed. We provide proof of exact function preservation under minimal initialization constraints for each transformation. The proposed methods may enable efficient training pipelines for larger and more powerful models by progressively expanding the architecture throughout training.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2023.

Builds on

17 of 18 references.

References · 17

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  4. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
  5. 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,431
  6. 2022Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Modelscited by 2,927
  7. 2019Root Mean Square Layer Normalizationcited by 1,425
  8. 2021Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gophercited by 1,199
  9. 2023PaLM 2 Technical Reportcited by 1,154
  10. 2023Scaling Vision Transformers to 22 Billion Parameterscited by 690
  11. 2015Net2Net: Accelerating Learning via Knowledge Transfercited by 245
  12. 2023Learning to Grow Pretrained Models for Efficient Transformer Trainingcited by 81
5 more
  1. 2021bert2BERT: Towards Reusable Pretrained Language Modelscited by 70
  2. 2022GradMax: Growing Neural Networks using Gradient Informationcited by 64
  3. 2022Staged Training for Transformer Language Modelscited by 49
  4. 2023Masked Structural Growth for 2x Faster Language Model Pre-trainingcited by 32
  5. 2023Deep Fusion: Efficient Network Training via Pre-trained Initializationscited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.

11 papers.