Navigating the Complexity of Generative AI Adoption in Software Engineering

In this paper, the adoption patterns of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools within software engineering are investigated. Influencing factors at the individual, technological, and societal levels are analyzed using a mixed-methods approach for an extensive comprehension of AI adoption. An initial structured interview was conducted with 100 software engineers, employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Diffusion of Innovations theory (DOI), and the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) as guiding theories. A theoretical model named the Human-AI Collaboration and Adaptation Framework (HACAF) was deduced using the Gioia Methodology, characterizing AI adoption in software engineering. This model's validity was subsequently tested through Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), using data collected from 183 software professionals. The results indicate that the adoption of AI tools in these early integration stages is primarily driven by their compatibility with existing development workflows. This finding counters the traditional theories of technology acceptance. Contrary to expectations, the influence of perceived usefulness, social aspects, and personal innovativeness on adoption appeared to be less significant. This paper yields significant insights for the design of future AI tools and supplies a structure for devising effective strategies for organizational implementation.